Summary
A direct and rapid method for determining the average molecular weight (MW) and content of lignin and
hemicelluloses in spent cooking liquor by high performance size-exclusion chromatography (HPSEC)
using a cartridge glass column and 2.5 mM NaOH as an eluent was developed. A Uv290 detector in line
with a RI detector was applied to characterise lignin and hemicelluloses, respectively, from liquor during
the kraft cooking of grey and black alder wood. During the main delignification stage, the concentration
of high-MW wood components in liquor changed through the maximum. The MW values of hemicelluloses
in the liquor decreased to DPn = 30 ± 5 and DPw = 55 ± 5. The M̄
n and M̄
w of lignin in spent
kraft cooking liquor during the main and final delignification stages did not exceed 3000 and 5000, respectively.
Summary
An approach to a chromophore composition study using the direct size-exclusion chromatography (SEC-UV)
analysis of an alkaline extract of pulp fibre walls is described. Absorbance in the 290–405 nm range
of 2% and 18% NaOH extract from unbleached pulps obtained by conventional and extended kraft
delignification of black alder wood is compared. The effect of cooking conditions on the localisation and
accessibility of chromophores is elucidated. The alkali-soluble lignin from pulp produced by extended
cooking was less oxidised, less conjugated, and less coloured as compared with the conventional kraft
lignin. A chromophore accessibility index is proposed. The chromogenic structures in pulps obtained by
extended cooking were more resistant to alkali solutions than those in conventional kraft pulps.
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