This paper proposes a method of cooling lithium ion (Li-ion) batteries using a phase change material RT35 in combination with air or a dielectric fluid media (STO 50). Three-dimensional numerical investigations have been carried out using Ansys Fluent to assess the cooling performance under different rates of discharging (1C, 2C, and 3C) of a 38120P Li-ion battery. Five different cases have been investigated and the relative benefits of the combined phase change material–air/dielectric liquid cooling compared over an air or dielectric cooling alone for the battery. Actual heat generation data available for the battery was made use of and supplied to the source term of the energy equation in the solver. A separate user-defined macro on the heat generation of the battery was developed by the authors for the purpose. The numerical simulation was validated comparing the present results with published experimental data for a bare adiabatic 38120P Li-ion cell. The results showed that the cooling was better with phase change material–air or phase change material–dielectric liquid combination compared to air or dielectric fluid alone, capable of reducing the cell temperature further by 6 ℃. From the study, employing phase change material in combination with a dielectric liquid has been suggested as a promising option for thermal management of Li-ion batteries at higher discharging rates to maintain the cell temperatures below 37 ℃.
This paper is concerned with the finite element analysis and modal testing of an industrial radial flow impeller. The goal is to determine and verify the vibration and stress characteristics of the impeller using analytical techniques. The static structural of the impeller with tapered blades was built using Cero. The convergence properties of the FE model was then verified by mesh refinement and mass distribution methods. Next, a pre-test plan was performed before conducting a modal test in order to select the material on the impeller. Analysis testing using modal analysis techniques was used to measure the vibration properties of the impeller, components. The natural frequencies graph was then compared with the same results obtained from static structural and showed good agreement. Finally, a parametric study was conducted on disc thickness, blade thickness, leading edge profiles and blade mistuning. It was found that the effect of varying disc thickness on the lower modes of the impeller was not significant. However, significant natural frequency shifts were observed for the higher modes. It was also concluded that varying the blade leading edge position had a marked effect on the natural frequencies while the lower modes were somehow insensitive to the variation of trailing edge position.Copy Right, IJAR, 2016,. All rights reserved. Introduction:-In this chapter, we introduce the components in the centrifugal pump and range of the pump types produced by Granados. This chapter provides then reader with a basic understanding of the principles of the centrifugal pump and pump terminology. The centrifugal pump is the most used pump type in the world. The principle is simple, welldescribed and thoroughly tested, and the pump is robust, effective and relatively inexpensive to produce. There is a wide range of variations based on the principle of the centrifugal pump and consisting of this are basic hydraulic parts. The majority by Granados are centrifugal pumps.Which cost to minimize, first cost or life-cycle cost, however, is an important consideration from a life cycle viewpoint, we must take into account power consumption and operation and maintenance costs. These considerations call for optimizing efficiency, reliability (the mean time between failures) and maintainability (the mean time to repair). In general, designing to optimize these categories result in increased costs. Often, these considerations are not very important and we can design for minimum first cost. In appropriate cases, the engineer should initiate a dialog with the client concerning available options. For example, designing a boiler feed pump that operates continuously would probably call for maximizing efficiency. Efficiency considerations would not be so important, however, for a drainage pump that is only required to operate occasional. Methodology of Flow Charts:-The geometry is generated with the aim of subdivision into multiple blocks. First, the impeller is generated, One impeller channel is meshed and is then rotationally copied the...
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