We report about the development of a multifunctional AFM probe, which allows to perform simultaneous measurements of topography and electrical properties of biological samples in a buffer solution. The quality of the AFM probes has been experimentally assessed by acquiring topography measurements of bacteriorhodopsin membranes in buffer solution and topographical and electrical current images of HOPG in air.
The positron annihilation lifetime measurements for the Cd 17 Ca 3 quasicrystal and its 1/1 Cd 6 Ca approximant were carried out at 300 K. The observed lifetime of the Cd 17 Ca 3 quasicrystal is close to that of the 1/1 Cd 6 Ca approximant, implying the existence of the same type of structural vacancies. The temperature variations in the positron lifetime were investigated in the temperature region from 10 to 300 K for the Cd 17 Ca 3 quasicrystal annealed at 773 K and the Cd 17 Ca 3 quasicrystal cooled in the furnace. We found clear differences between both the absolute value and the temperature gradient of the positron lifetimes of the two quasicrystals. The results will be discussed in terms of the fluctuation in the four-Cd tetrahedron inside the 20-Cd dodecahedron between two quasicrystals.
We have analysed the electrical conductivities of metallic Al-Pd-Re quasicrystals in a low temperature region, taking into account the conducting mechanism of the quasicrystal-like system. The present analysis suggests that not only the weak localization and the electron-electron interaction contributions but also the conducting effect of the quasicrystal-like system should be considered.
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