The paper presents a study of the main factors affecting the yield level of soft spring wheat. This research is based on the study of the biological activity of the soil and the content of nitrates in the Urals southern chernozems. This paper is obtained as a result of field and laboratory studies. The purpose of the research work is to establish the influence of each factor individually on the yield of grain crops according to various predecessors and backgrounds of mineral nutrition. For the first time in the experiment, the methodology of the field experiment, decomposition of linen (applications) and the ionometric method are used. Over 18 years, rich experience has been accumulated, and soil fertilizer options have been developed to increase wheat productivity. Studies show that using balanced fertilizer it is possible to increase the yield of wheat after growing millet in this territory to 9.7 centners per 1 ha, the dependence on the influence of the activity of microorganisms is 71.51 %. In other research options, after the application of mineral fertilizers during the growing season, grain yield of 9.4 and 9.0 kg per 1 ha is noted, and the proportion of the effect of nitrate-nitrogen is 33.82 and 24.67 %. The results obtained are of scientific and practical importance in the field of microbiology, chemistry, agriculture, agronomy and agricultural production.
Determination of the main factors affecting the productivity of durum wheat is a prerequisite for studying the activity of soil microorganisms and the content of mobile forms of nutrients (NO3
−, P2O5, K2O) on the chernozems of the Cis-Ural region. The aim of the study is to detect the response of each studied factor separately to an increase in yield for different predecessors of crop rotations. Studies of these factors are conducted for the first time in the field and in the laboratory. In the research work the field, application, ionometric and Machigina methods of the experiment on durum wheat are used. Positive results for 19 years of observations are observed in the second variant of the experiment. They lead to an increase in the yield of durum wheat grain after black steam to 9.2 c from 1 ha. The dependence on the influence of the activity of microorganisms and the content of macronutrients of nutrition consists 51.62; 52.43; 35.27 and 36.80%. A decrease in the biological activity of the soil leads to a low yield level in the seventh variant of sowing, reaching up to 5.1 c per 1 ha, despite the response of nitrates 45.45%, mobile phosphorus 31.91 and exchangeable potassium 42.63%. The results of the study have a major importance in the field of soil science, farming and agriculture.
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