Autonomic function was studied in a group of 11 patients with Holmes Adie Syn drome. Autonomic function was assessed by the measurement of cardiovascular reflexes. Heart rate responses to respiration, valsalva manoeuvre and standing were studied. The change in systolic blood pressure on moving from the lying to the stand ing position was measured. Abnormalities of parasympathetic function were found in three patients, compared with matched controls. Autonomic dysfunction in Holmes Adie Syndrome may be more widespread than previously suspected.
SUMMARY Unusual stationary temporal visual field defects breaking out from the blind spot are described as they were noted in 3 patients. The nature of these field defects and the associated funduscopic findings indicate a developmental defect localised to the nasal sector of the optic disc, which we suggest be termed nasal hypoplasia of the optic disc.
SummaryAn experimental model of qumme induced blindness is presented. Elec trophysiological, angiographical and morphological examinations were made. The occurrence of blindness and any recovery from blindness was dependent upon the dose of quinine taken. As no evidence of acute retinal ischaemia was found it is concluded that quinine is retinotoxic.Despite the many clinicaP and experimentaF reports of quinine blindness providing much detailed evidence and analysis, the first line of clinical therapy continues to be directed at preventing retinal vasoconstriction either using vasodilator drugs or interfering with the sympathetic nerve supply by blocking a stell ate ganglion.3,4 Our experiment was designed to create an animal model which would allow us to study the genesis of quinine blindness electrophysiologically, fluorescein angio graphically and morphologically. Our inten tion was that by correlating these findings we might identify the site and mode of action of quinine, so that rational therapeutic regimens could be designed and tested. We present some of our preliminary observations. Additional observations included blood pressure, heart rate and respiratory rate. All observations and recordings were made at half hourly intervals.Fourteen cats were anaesthetised and ERG and VER recordings were made to determine the normal range of the ERG A and B waves and the morphology of the VER (Fig. 1). The cats were allowed to recover and at a later date were given oral doses of quinine sulphate. After 2 hours they were anaesthetised and observations commenced.During the acute experiments, when quinine was given, flourescein angiography was performed on the right eye.After the acute experiment the cats were allowed
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.