ABSTRACT:Results are reported of research on intumescent composites based on epoxy resin cross-linked with polyethylene polyamine and containing ammonium polyphosphate and such modifying additives as calcium borate, manganese dioxide, nickel, and chromium, containing tubulenes as gas-formers and carbonization stimulators. The changes in composition and physicochemical properties of modified compositions under conditions of heat and fire were investigated by X-ray photo-electron spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and local force spectroscopy. Ammonium polyphosphate mainly stimulates carbonization processes on the inner surface of a bubble being formed during foam coke formation. The introduction of metal-containing tubulenes leads to the formation of fire-retardant and low flammability-compositions with high coke and carbon structures content. The use of calcium borate in the compositions considerably increases the strength of foam coke being formed.
The article is dedicated to monitoring the competitive environment in the retail motor fuel markets in order to establish a dominant position vertically integrated oil companies (VIOCs) in regional markets dictating pricing policy to its participants. The methodology is represented by the instructions for preparation of an analytical report on the competitive situation in the small-scale wholesale motor and diesel fuel markets based on the "Procedure for analysing the competitive situation in the product market" approved by the RF FAS Order as of April 28, 2010 No. 220, the concentration index, and the Herfindahl-Hirschman index. The authors conclude that in the context of collective dominance, sales volume of refined petroleum products in terms of value increasingly characterizes the proportion of an economic entity in the market. At that, the methodological guidelines for the preparation of an analytical report on the competitive environment in diesel fuel retail markets shall be supplemented by the correlation and determination indices, allowing evaluation of the closeness of the relationship for the level of profits, export-import operations, government influence on the market participants, and market concentration index.
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