ÐÅÇÞÌÅ Ââåäåíèå. Íåîáõîäèìîñòü ïðîâåäåíèÿ äàííîãî èññëåäîâàíèÿ îáóñëîâëåíà ÷àñòî âîçíèêàþùèì â ïðîìûøëåííîì âûñîòíîì ñåêòîðå è ñïîðòå âîçäåéñòâèåì íà âåðåâêè õèìè÷åñêèõ ðåàãåíòîâ è îòñóòñòâèåì â øèðîêîì äîñòóïå èíôîðìàöèè îá èçìåíåíèè ïðî÷íîñòè âåðåâîê ïîñëå òàêîãî âîçäåéñòâèÿ. Öåëè è çàäà÷è. Çàäà÷à íàñòîÿùåé ðàáîòû ñîñòîèò â ïîëó÷åíèè ýêñïåðèìåíòàëüíûõ äàííûõ ïî ñíèaeåíèþ ïðî÷íîñòè âåðåâîê íà ðàçðûâ ïîñëå âîçäåéñòâèÿ ðàñòâîðîâ ðàçëè÷íûõ êèñëîò, à òàêaeå â îïðåäåëåíèè êðèòåðèåâ îöåíêè âîçäåéñòâèÿ êèñëîò íà âåðåâêè â öåëÿõ ïîâûøåíèÿ áåçîïàñíîñòè ëþäåé, ðàáîòàþùèõ ñ âåðåâêàìè íà âûñîòå â ïðîìûøëåííîñòè è ñïîðòå. Ìåòîäû. Äëÿ ýòîé öåëè èññëåäîâàëîñü âëèÿíèå ðàñòâîðîâ ñåðíîé, ñîëÿíîé è ôîñôîðíîé êèñëîò (êàê íàèáîëåå ÷àñòî âñòðå÷àþùèõñÿ íà ïðàêòèêå â ñïîðòèâíîé è ïðîèçâîäñòâåííîé ñôåðàõ) íà ñòàòè÷åñêèå ïîëèàìèäíûå âåðåâêè (êàê íàèáîëåå øèðîêî èñïîëüçóåìûå ñðåäñòâà èíäèâèäóàëüíîé çàùèòû). Ìåòîäû èññëåäîâàíèÿ âêëþ÷àëè â ñåáÿ îáðàáîòêó èñïûòóåìûõ îáðàçöîâ êèñëîòîé â òå÷åíèå 30 ñ è 1 ÷, ïîñëåäóþùóþ âûäåðaeêó â íîðìàëüíûõ êëèìàòè÷åñêèõ óñëîâèÿõ è èñïûòàíèÿ ñòàòè÷åñêîé íàãðóçêîé. Ðåçóëüòàòû.  õîäå èññëåäîâàíèÿ âûäåëåíû ñëåäóþùèå êðèòåðèè òàêòèëüíîãî îáíàðóaeåíèÿ ïîâðåaeäåííîãî ó÷àñòêà: óâåëè÷åíèå aeåñòêîñòè âåðåâêè; ïîâûøåíèå òâåðäîñòè íà ó÷àñòêàõ âîçäåéñòâèÿ; ëèïêàÿ ïîâåðõíîñòü îïëåòêè. Íàèáîëåå ñëîaeíûìè ñ òî÷êè çðåíèÿ âèçóàëüíîãî îáíàðóaeåíèÿ âîçäåéñòâèÿ êèñëîò îêàçàëèñü âåðåâêè, ñîñòîÿùèå èç ðàçíûõ ìàòåðèàëîâ â îïëåòêå è ñåðäå÷íèêå: åñëè îïëåòêà áîëåå èíåðòíà ê âîçäåéñòâèþ êèñëîòû, ÷åì ñåðäå÷íèê, îíà ìàñêèðóåò ïîâðåaeäåíèÿ ñåðäå÷íèêà. Òàê, îáðàçåö ñ ïîëèýôèðíîé îïëåòêîé ïðàêòè-÷åñêè íå èìåë âèçóàëüíûõ è òàêòèëüíûõ îòëè÷èé îò íîâîãî ïîñëå âîçäåéñòâèÿ H2SO4 â êîíöåíòðàöèè 45 % â òå÷åíèå 30 ñ, ïðè ýòîì îñòàòî÷íàÿ ïðî÷íîñòü ñîñòàâèëà 46,8 %. Êðîìå òîãî, îïðåäåëåíû õàðàêòåðíûå îñîáåííîñòè ðàçðûâà âåðåâîê, ïîâðåaeäåííûõ êèñëîòîé: ÷àñòè÷íîå âûòÿãèâàíèå ïðÿäåé ñåðäå÷íèêà; îòäåëåíèå îïëåòêè îò ñåðäå÷íèêà; âûòÿãèâàíèå îòäåëüíûõ ïðÿäåé ñåðäå÷íèêà. Âûâîäû.  öåëîì, õîòÿ âñå ðàññìîòðåííûå ðàñòâîðû êèñëîò îêàçûâàëè íåãàòèâíîå âëèÿíèå íà ïðî÷íîñòü îáðàçöîâ, íå âñÿêîå âîçäåéñòâèå ìîaeíî ëåãêî îáíàðóaeèòü. Òàêèì îáðàçîì, ðåçóëüòàòû ïîçâîëÿþò ñäåëàòü âûâîä î íåîáõîäèìîñòè íå òîëüêî òùàòåëüíîãî èíñïåêöèîííîãî êîíòðîëÿ, íî è çíàíèÿ ïîëíîé èñòîðèè ýêñïëóàòàöèè. Ïðåäñòàâëåííûå ðåçóëüòàòû ïîìîãóò ñôîðìèðîâàòü îáðàçîâàòåëüíûé ìàòåðèàë äëÿ àâàðèéíî-ñïàñàòåëüíûõ ñëóaeá è ýêñïåðòíûõ êîìèññèé, à òàêaeå ïîâûñèòü êîìïåòåíöèè ïðîôèëüíûõ ñïåöèàëèñòîâ, îòâå÷àþùèõ çà áåçîïàñíîñòü è îõðàíó òðóäà â ðàçëè÷íûõ îðãàíèçàöèÿõ.
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