The purpose of the packers is determined by the specific technological tasks. The design of a packer and the principle of bringing it into action provide protection from ealy wear during the tripping process. In addition, the design of a packer ensures manufacturability of its use and reliable control over the work in the well during the hydraulic fracturing, regardless of the depth of the installation. The experience with the use of packers for the test beds showed that in most cases packer items become inoperative due to the destruction of the lower part of the rubber element. In practice, the isolation annulus packer with different ways of planting is important and necessary to ensure reliable fixing of a packer at the place of installation in the borehole. It happens due to the use of anchoring unit and different designs of seals of packers.
Hydraulic fracturing has become one of the main and most effective methods of intensifying oil production. A method of bench-scale study with the use of modern measuring equipment, automation of experimental variable measurements according to specified algorithms ensuring high-level works was developed in order to obtain reliable data on proppant migration in a fracture. The laboratory facility makes it possible to determine the speed of proppant flowback from a fracture, proppant permeability depending on layer elevation. The tests show the nature of permeability change as the pressure increases. The conditions under which the height of a filling layer varies depending on pressure were identified. The test bench greatly facilitates and accelerates the experiments. The use of modern information and measurement systems makes it possible to significantly increase the volume of received information and improve its quality. The use of experimental results obtained through hydraulic fracturing will allow for additional increase in hydrocarbon production.
This article discusses the problems associated with the removal of proppant, mechanical particles of the rock and undecomposed fluid from the hydraulic fracture into the well. The necessity of developing a device for washing the perforation interval has been identified and justified. It is shown that hardened and viscoelastic gel particles fall into perforations and adhere to the walls of channels and wells. Subsequently, these zones of gel deposition reduce permeability in perforation channels. The author has developed the design of a device for decolmation (declogging), which reduces the time for well development after hydraulic fracturing. To increase the productivity of the considered wells, it is necessary to flush them with the presented device in the mode of maximum approximation to deposits. To carry particles better to the surface, it is proposed to use foam systems generated by the jet pump, which is described in this article.
The article studies problems of rock deformation during the hydraulic fracturing in horizontal wells. The schemes show stresses acting on the rock during the fracturing. The article analyzes the Prats equation showing that powerful deformation processes can occur during fracturing operations in tectonically active areas. Schemes of deformation processes during the multi-stage hydraulic fracturing and formation fluid selection are presented. The rock mass above the reservoir between the cracks in the unperturbed part is held in zones with initial reservoir pressure (reference zones). The sizes of these zones decrease with an increase in the sizes of the well drainage zones and become destroyed. When the drainage areas are closed, the rock mass moves over the reservoir between the cracks. An increase in the number of hydraulic fracturing stages and a decrease in the distance between fractures can cause seismic manifestations during hydrocarbon production, especially in tectonically active areas.
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