Objective: To examine the effect of photobiomodulation (PBM) on cognitive performance in older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).Background: While some positive effects of PBM stimulation to improve cognitive function in patients with traumatic brain injury and dementia has been reported, the PBM effects on amnestic mild cognitive impairment are relatively unexplored. Materials and methods: Three patients (mean age = 62) received 18-sessions of PBM stimulation twice per week for nine weeks. Each patient was assessed with Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test (Rey-O testing visual memory) and Hong Kong List Learning Test (HKLLT testing verbal memory), Clinical Dementia Rating Scale (CDR), Functional Activities Questionnaire (FAQ), Geriatric Anxiety Scale-10 Item Version (GAS-10) and Chinese Geriatric Depression Scale (CGDS) before and after PBM.Results: All subjects demonstrated memory impairment at baseline, which was improved within the normal range after the intervention. One subject's verbal memory improved from 1 st percentile (moderately impaired) to 67 th percentile (average), another patient improved from 4 th percentile to 26 th percentile, and the third from 11 th percentile to 54 th percentile.Conclusions: PBM treatment may be a promising noninvasive intervention for patients with MCI or other memory disorder types.
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