To realize a new polymer sensor fabricated from a piezoelectric chiral polymer fiber, we attempted to detect the response signal induced by the shear piezoelectricity of the chiral polymer poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) under the application of stress and strain, and we confirmed that the piezoelectric response signal was sufficiently large for use as a sensor signal. We then prepared a left-hand helical torsion coil (PLLA fiber left-hand coil), which was formed by drawing a PLLA fiber ten times. It was observed that, when twisted and released suddenly, the coil exhibited a torsion vibration, and we confirmed that the piezoelectric response signal followed the torsion vibration. Next, we prepared a system in which a PLLA fiber coil was linked to a personal computer used for simple image processing. The PLLA fiber left- and right-hand coils were placed on the arm of a subject, and the inward rotation and outward rotation of the forearm and upper arm were measured. Finally, using this system, we were able to visualize the rotation of the forearm and upper arm.
This study was conducted to determine the effect of pelleting on in situ dry matter degradability of pelleted compound feed containing brown rice for dairy cows. Mash feed of the same composition was used as a control and the in situ study was conducted using three non-lactating Holstein steers fitted with a rumen cannula. The feeds contained 32.3% brown rice, 19.4% rapeseed meal, 11.4% wheat bran and 10.6% soybean meal (fresh weight basis). Except for moisture content, the chemical composition of the feed was not affected by pelleting. In situ dry matter disappearance of the feed increased from 0 to 2 h and after 72 h of incubation with pellet processing. Integration of the dry matter disappearance values over time revealed that degradability parameter a (soluble fraction) increased with pellet processing, whereas parameter b (potentially degradable fraction) decreased. Parameter c (fractional rate of degradation) and effective degradability (5% passage rate) were not affected by pellet processing. We concluded that pellet processing promotes rumen degradability at early incubation hours when the pelleted feed contains brown rice.
Background: Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma(ICC) accounts for about 10% of all primary liver cancer. South Asia and a part of Chile, but in recent years it has been increasing in other areas including Europe and the United States. The only potentially curative treatment for patients who have a resectable tumor is surgery. Unfortunately, even after curative-intent surgery, the clinical outcomes of patients undergoing liver resection are disappointing, with a 5-year survival rate of 20% to 35%. Furthermore, the role of the other treatments, including systemic chemotherapy and radiotherapy, remain poorly defined and have been reported to have a favorable therapeutic effect. In this study, we reveals the intratumoral heterogeneity and process of evolution of intractable ICC without fully genomic understanding. Material and method: Surgical specimens of 10 patients with resection of ICC in curative intention were acquired between 10/2014 and 5/2016. The average tumor size was 47 mm(range 30-80 mm). We obtained 57 samples at 3-9 lesions for each case, and performed whole exome sequencing using the next generation sequencer (HiSeq2500). Multiregional analysis was performed respectively on these cases, and we investigated intratumoral heterogeneity of ICC. Furthermore, we guessed the process of clonal evolution of ICC from the result of whole exome sequencing. Result: We defined "Founder mutation" as only a mutation present in all samples in each case , and defined “Progressor mutation” as several mutations present in some samples in each case. Furthermore, we classified “Progressor mutation” as “Shared mutation” present in several samples in each case but not all and “Unique mutation” present in one sample in each case). In 10 cases, mean number of Founder, Unique and Shared mutation were 53%(range 24-74%), 18%(range 5-40%), and 29%(range 6-54%), respectively, and this indicated intratumoral heterogeneity in ICC. In addition, Founder mutation mainly including TP53, SMAD4, and NRAS were common in 2 cases, but no common Founder mutation was observed in over 3 cases, so this indicated intratumoral heterogeneity in ICC. This results leaded to the process of clonal evolution during tumor formation, describing the evolutionary trees. Conclusion: In this study, multiregional analysis was performed on samples of ICC, and intratumoral heterogeneity and the process of clonal evolution were evaluated. This result confirms the resistance to current treatment and it seems that it is necessary to search for further therapeutic targets. Citation Format: Akihiro Kitagaw, Hisateru Komatsu, Yosuke Kuroda, Syuhei Ito, Takaaki Masuda, Hidetoshi Eguchi, Hidetoshi Eguchi, Yuichiro Doki, Masaki Mori, Koshi Mimori. Intratumoral heterogeneity and process of evolution of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4351.
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