Energy harvesting for wireless communication networks is a new paradigm that allows terminals to recharge their batteries from external energy sources in the surrounding environment. A promising energy harvesting technology is wireless power transfer where terminals harvest energy from electromagnetic radiation. Thereby, the energy may be harvested opportunistically from ambient electromagnetic sources or from sources that intentionally transmit electromagnetic energy for energy harvesting purposes. A particularly interesting and challenging scenario arises when sources perform simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT), as strong signals not only increase power transfer but also interference. This paper provides an overview of SWIPT systems with a particular focus on the hardware realization of rectenna circuits and practical techniques that achieve SWIPT in the domains of time, power, antennas, and space. The paper also discusses the benefits I. Krikidis is with the
Abstract-In this letter, a novel electromagnetic band-gap structure (EBG) with single-ring resonators is inkjet-printed on the commercially available photo paper using conductive nano-silver ink. The printed EBG array is placed above a copper sheet, forming an artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) reflector at the designed frequency range (2.4 2.5 GHz). A microstrip monopole antenna is backed with the designed AMC reflector and is tested in free space and in contact with a human phantom. The antenna gain of a conventional microstrip monopole on human phantom is as low as 9 dBi. The gain of the proposed AMC backed monopole, measured on a human phantom is 0.95 dBi. The measurements demonstrate superior performance of the proposed monopole with EBG array compared to a conventional microstrip monopole antenna when they are considered for wearable applications.Index Terms-Artificial magnetic conductor (AMC), electromagnetic band-gap (EBG) structure, inkjet printing, personal area networks (PANs), wearable antenna, wireless body area networks (WBANs).
| This paper discusses the evolution towards the first integrated radio-frequency identification (RFID)-enabled wireless sensor network infrastructure using ultra-high frequency/ radio frequency (UHF/RF) RFID-enabled sensor nodes and inkjetprinted electronics technologies on flexible and paper substrates for the first time ever. The first sections highlight the unique capabilities of inkjet printed electronics as well as the benefits of using paper as the ultra-low-cost, conformal and environmentally friendly substrate for the mass-scale ubiquitous implementation of the first RFID-enabled wireless sensing applications.Various inkjet-printed antenna configurations are presented for enhanced-range compact RFID-enabled sensing platforms in Brugged[ environments up to 7 GHz, followed by the discussion of their 2-D integration with integrated circuit (IC) and sensors on paper. This integration is extended to a power-scavenging Bsmart-shoe[ batteryless integrated RFID module on paper that could be used for autonomous wearable sensing applications with enhanced range. The paper concludes discussing the details for establishing for the first time an asynchronous wireless link between the aforementioned RFID-tags and a widely used commercial wireless sensor network (WSN) mote using a simplified protocol; a paramount step that could potentially create ubiquitous ultra-low-cost sensor networks and large-scale RFID implementations eliminating the need of expensive RFID reader infrastructure and linking RFIDs to the mature level of WSNs.
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