The article describes the results of the research, purpose of which was to evaluate influence of the temperature on the effectiveness of nitrification and denitrification in the sewage treatment system consisting of vertical flow constructed wetland and polishing pond. During the analysed period, the efficiency of removing total nitrogen was low and amounted to 12.7%. In the polishing pond in the summer period, content of total nitrogen in treated sewages was further decreased by nearly 50%. In the winter period, the polishing pond fulfilled mainly retention role and thus did not improve effectiveness of the whole system. Temperature coefficients, calculated on the basis of single first-order kinetics, for nitrification process in the filter bed (N-NH4+) and denitrification process in the polishing pond (N-NO3−) amounted to 1.039 and 1.089, respectively.
The paper presents the results of studies concerning the designation of COD fraction in raw wastewater. The research was conducted in four municipal mechanical-biological sewage treatment plants and one industrial sewage treatment plant. The following fractions of COD were determined: non-biodegradable (inert) soluble SI, biodegradable soluble fraction SS, particulate slowly degradable XS and particulate non-biodegradable XI. The methodology for determining the COD fraction was based on the ATV-A131 guidelines and Łomotowski-Szpindor methodology. The real concentration of fractions in raw wastewater and the percentage of each fraction in total COD are different from data reported in the literature.
Sewage sludge management in wastewater treatment plants is an important and very current issue. The paper presents an example of a well-resolved technological process of re-use and management of sewage sludge according to operating data from the Gubin-Guben wastewater treatment plant. The sewage sludge is subjected to methane fermentation process with biogas recovery. Electricity obtained from the biogas at 55%, and the produced heat in 100% covers the treatment plant energy demand. Physicochemical and bacteriological parameters of stabilized sludges indicate the possibility of their use in natural and agricultural area.
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