We conducted a multisite replication study with aspects of preregistration in order to explore the feasibility of such an approach in second language (L2) research. To this end, we addressed open questions in a line of research that has examined whether having learners attend to form while reading or listening to a L2 passage interferes with comprehension. Our results are consistent with findings from the specific paradigm that we replicated in that no effects on comprehension were detected in analyses conducted over all sites. However, further investigation is warranted due to site‐specific effects and methodological limitations. We found all aspects of the multisite registered replication approach to be useful although the registration component itself appeared to be an especially feasible and valuable first step toward increasing the robustness and generalizability of findings in our field. Open Practices This article has been awarded Open Data, Open Materials, and Preregistered Research Design badges. The following information is publicly accessible via the Open Science Framework: registered materials and protocol (https://osf.io/tvuer), registered data entry template (https://osf.io/d5s2t), open data (https://osf.io/vwytd), and open analysis (https://osf.io/nz3su). Learn more about the Open Practices badges from the Center for Open Science: https://osf.io/tvyxz/wiki.
This paper deals with the four types of cleft constructions in Portuguese. As the mentioned constructions are deeply embedded in the emphatic process of focalisation, we try to give, in the introduction, elear definitions of the terms involved in the process, concentrating mainly on Focus and Topie. The corpus is constituted by the typology of the cleft constructions in Portuguese, containing pseudo-cleft, semipseudo-cleft, and the proper cleft constructions, as well as the "e que" structures. We try to make an analysis of the focus position in the samples coming from such authors as Casteleiro, Vilela, Sedano and our own examples. This paper is organised in three main parts: 1. Introduction; 2. Cleft construction types in Portuguese; 3. Conclusions. INTRODUęAOA lingua, um instrumento principal de comunicaęao, no ambito da sua funęao informativa, dispoe dos mecanismos que ajudam distinguir entre uma informaęao de maior e menor importancia, quer dizer, existem no sistema da lingua modos de realce dos constituintes escolhidos pelo emissor. Partindo deste ponto, e possfvel afirmar, que o falante pode expressar o sentido da frase simples:A guerra comeęou atribuindo mais importancia ao constituinte que escolhe, como mais relevante numa certa situaęao comunicativa, por meio de uso, entre outros modos, de mudanęa de ordem das palavras:Comeęou a guerra;
This study is a replication and extension of Morgan-Short et al.’s (2018) investigation into the role of attention in input processing by L1-Polish learners of L2-Spanish, with proficiency and language of assessment explored as two key methodological factors. Our aims were twofold: to investigate learners’ comprehension in different conditions with their L2 proficiency controlled for, and to examine this process when learners were tested using different languages. Data from three trials (N = 136) were analyzed: Trial-English, Trial-Polish, and Trial-Spanish, where comprehension was tested in English, Polish, or Spanish, respectively. Results showed that both L2 proficiency and language of assessment significantly affected learners’ performance, with their scores being lower in the -n morpheme condition but only when comprehension was tested in English or Spanish. We discuss these findings both theoretically and methodologically, making recommendations on designing future replication studies and improving the generalizability of L2 findings across multiple research sites.
PHONETIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PORTUGUESE ISLAND OF TERCEIRA A historical and geographical context of a natural expansion of a language leads to a formation of dialects. The aim of this article is to present some examples of phonetic, distinctive characteristics of Portuguese spoken in Terceira Island (the Azores). The dialect reveals such phonetic properties as anti‑hiatic vowel release and diphthongization, of which the first is almost totally limited to Terceira Island. Whereas, other phonetic characteristics such as labialization of the vowel [u], commonly occurring in the western and eastern groups of the islands, does not apply to the dialect of Terceira. Therefore, it is anticipated that the features of the northern dialects of Portugal had more influence on the Portuguese of Terceira Island than the southern ones.
Portuguese is a native language of only a handful of people in Mozambique. However, it successfully plays the role of a common language of communication in the field of politics and economics. At the same time, it is a determinant of social status and, in the world of literature, it gives one the opportunity to break through to the readers around the Globe. Portuguese in Mozambique presents many differences from the European standard, and the specific characteristics of this variant can be found in the texts of Mia Couto. The purpose of this article is to present the differences between the variant of Mozambique and the European model of Portuguese, mainly in the field of morphosyntax, observed in the texts of Mia Couto. The marked differences can be seen, among others, in the use of prepositions, order of pronominal elements, in the structure of periphrastic and passive constructions, and the selection of verbal arguments. The features are highly repetitive, but at the same time, they occur quite irregularly, together with the structures accepted by the standard. It is, therefore, difficult to speak of a systematic language variant, but surely it is on its way to be established.
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