Non-steroidal anti-infl ammatory drugs (NSAIDs), despite numerous adverse eff ects, still remain the most commonly used group of medicines that can be obtained without a prescription. The mechanism of their action consists in inhibiting the activity of cyclooxygenases (COX 1; COX 2); these are enzymes that participate in one of the routes of transformation of arachidonic acid, whose end products are prostaglandins (PGE2 and PGI2-prostacyclins) and thromboxanes. Inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX) activity inevitably leads to adverse reactions. The most common side eff ects associated with the use of non-steroidal anti-infl ammatory drugs include gastrointestinal symptoms. More rarely associated with the excessive use of NSAIDs are nephrotoxic, hepatotoxic, and negative eff ects on the respiratory system and the relatively recently confi rmed cardiotoxicity. Therefore, all possible ways should be tried to reduce the availability of non-steroidal anti-infl ammatory drugs and to monitor their use, mainly in people who are particularly exposed to side eff ects (the elderly, people with heart failure, hypertension, kidney and gastrointestinal diseases).
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