Subtyping was conducted in late 2007 on 57Cryptosporidium specimens from sporadic cases in Colorado, Idaho, New Mexico, and Iowa. One previously rare Cryptosporidium hominis subtype was indentified in 40 cases (70%) from all four states, and the Cryptosporidium horse genotype was identified in a pet shop employee with severe clinical symptoms.

The inertial sublayer of adverse pressure-gradient (APG) turbulent boundary layers is investigated using new experimental measurements ( $7000 \lesssim \delta ^+ \lesssim 7800$ ), existing lower Reynolds number experimental ( $\delta ^+ \approx 1000$ ) and computational ( $\delta ^+<800$ ) data sets, where $\delta ^+$ is the friction Reynolds number. In the present experimental set-up the boundary layer is under modest APG conditions, where the Clauser PG parameter $\beta$ is ${\leq }1.8$ . Well-resolved hot-wire measurements are obtained at the Flow Physics Facility at the University of New Hampshire in the region of an APG ramp. Comparisons are made with zero pressure-gradient turbulent boundary layer (ZPG TBL) experimental data at similar Reynolds number and numerical simulation data at lower Reynolds number. The main aims of the present study centre on the inertial sublayer of the APG TBL and the degree to which its characteristics are similar to those of the ZPG TBL. This investigation utilizes equation-based analyses and empirical approaches. Among other results, the data suggest that even though the APG TBL streamwise variance does not exhibit a logarithmic profile (unlike the ZPG TBL) both ZPG and APG TBLs exhibit distance-from-the-wall scaling on the inertial sublayer. Theoretical arguments suggest that wall-distance scaling resulting from a self-similar dynamics is consistent with both a single velocity scale leading to a log-law in mean velocity profile as well as multiple velocity scales leading to a power-law mean velocity profile.

Despite a growing body of research on school-based parental involvement, our knowledge of home-based involvement beliefs and practices, and how these vary across ethnic groups, remains limited. Our study addresses this gap by exploring how the meanings of educational achievement and parents' roles in young children's learning vary across ethnic groups. The aim of this study was to construct a detailed picture of the landscape of parental home-based involvement with children and to gain a deeper understanding of the beliefs, meanings, and goals underlying parents' interactions. Forty-one middle-class Mexican American, African American, and European American mothers participated in semistructured interviews about their goals and interactions with their children in the domain of education. We identified seven themes across the interviews and constructed two cultural models of parental academic socialization: determination with intervention, more typical of ethnic minority group mothers, and trust and laissez-faire, more common among European American mothers.Article Suizzo et al.

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Since exogeneous catecholamines potentiate ADP-induced aggregation in vitro, and this effect is blocked directly by phentolamine, it was assumed that platelets from patients with pheochromocytoma would be unusually sensitive to ADP and that this sensitivity would be reduced in the presence of phentolamine. Findings in four patients with pheochromocytoma were compared to results in 20 normals. Phentolamine had no immediate effect in either group. Pheochromocptoma platelets became more responsive to ADP after standing and this increase in responsiveness was inhibited by phentolamine. These results: 1) suggest that catecholamine concentrations in the plasma of patients with pheochromocytoma are not high enough to potentiate ADP aggregation and 2) may be explained by assuming that pheochromocytoma platelets are saturated with catecbolamines.