This paper examines the incidence of involuntary job loss and its impact on the employment and earnings of affected workers, using data from the Survey of Families, Incomes and Employment (SoFIE) for the 200209 period. It focusses on employees who had been working in their job for at least one year before the job loss. The impact of displacement on employment and earnings was estimated by using a propensity score-matching approach to select similar non-displaced workers and then compare their outcomes. We find that the employment rate of displaced workers was on average 27 percentage points lower 01 years after displacement, 14 percentage points lower 12 years after, and 8 percentage points lower 23 years after, than that of the matched comparison group. The average wage of re-employed displaced workers was 12 percent lower 01 years after displacement, 11 percent lower 12 years after and 7 percent lower 23 years after. Other impacts included increases in unemployment and self-employment, reductions in average weekly hours, and reductions in weekly and annual earnings.
Changes in the distribution of individual earnings between 1984 and 1995 are examined using data from the Household Economic Survey. Several dimensions of changes in the earnings structure are considered, including measures of aggregate earnings inequality, the gender earnings gap and shifts in relative earnings by level of educational attainment. Changes in the variance of earnings are decomposed to identify more clearly the source of the tendencies towards and against greater inequality. Evidence is found of a rise in hourly earnings inequality among males over the decade. However, the effects of this trend on the total earnings distribution were offset by a rise in the female share of employment and a narrowing of the gap between male and female average hourly earnings.
This draft book chapter provide an overview of Māori economic development during the past 150 years, drawing on readily available statistical and historical sources. The path of Māori economic development that we have traced through statistical evidence is one of ongoing change and adaptation, as well as one of substantial increase in material standards of living, albeit with periods of significant setback.
JEL classificationO1 -Economic Development -General; J11 -Demographic Trends and Forecasts; J15 Economics of minorities and races.
This paper reports results from a study that used linked Employer-Employee Data (LEED) to examine the longer-term employment outcomes of people who moved from government income support benefit to employment during 2001/02. The study population was observed for two years before and after the benefit-to-work transition. The study described short-term and longer-term employment retention rates and earnings growth patterns, and compared the outcomes of the benefit-to-work study population with those of non-beneficiaries who began a job in the same year. It investigated some of the factors associated with more or less ‘successful’ outcomes, including personal characteristics, prior employment experiences, the timing and nature of the benefit-to-work transition, and the characteristics of post-transition employers.
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