e18527 Background: The underrepresentation of minority populations in research violates principles of distributive justice, slows scientific progress, and exacerbates health disparities. Henry Ford Cancer Institute (HFCI) is one of 20 sites offering clinical trials in Michigan and currently participates in 1300 trials. The rate of cancer cases at HFCI is 78% in whites and 21.9% in Blacks/African Americans (B/AA). However, analysis of cancer clinical trials conducted at HFCI showed participation rates to be 2.66% in B/AA and 90.28% in whites. Diverse attempts by HFCI to improve participation of B/AA in clinical trials have yielded limited success. The Participatory Action for Access to Clinical Trials (PAACT) project is using a community-based participatory research (CBPR) approach to design/adapt, pilot, and evaluate interventions which address cancer clinical trial participation barriers among B/AA. Methods: PAACT uses a 5-step approach: 1. Establish a steering committee (SC) in partnership with the Detroit Urban Research Center, which has a strong history of implementing CBPR programs in Detroit. 2. Conduct a scoping review to evaluate evidence-based strategies and interventions used to engage B/AA communities in clinical trials. 3. Conduct qualitative and quantitative research with members of B/AA community, cancer survivors/patients, and HFCI providers. 4. Engage stakeholders in the interpretation and translation of data to inform intervention strategies. 5. Pilot the intervention(s) to assess B/AA individuals’ behavioral intentions to enroll and participate in cancer clinical trials, and health care providers’ intentions to engage in change processes. Results: We have conducted 13 SC meetings, co-facilitated by a community, academic and health system partner. The SC has been actively engaged in all aspects of the project. Through the scoping review, we identified five categories of recruitment and retention strategies. We have conducted 13 focus groups with 100 participants, 7 provider interviews, and administered 1 survey to HFCI staff. Data from the focus groups has provided information on respondents’ clinical trial knowledge and systemic, socio-cultural, and economic barriers to trial participation. Data from the provider interviews has provided information on experience with clinical trial recruitment and recommendations for improving participation among B/AA community members. Conclusions: Through CBPR, PAACT actively engages B/AA community members, survivors/patients, healthcare providers, and researchers in the process to develop/adapt, implement, and evaluate strategies to better inform communities and patients about cancer clinical trials. The long-term goal of this project is to implement changes in both the community and the health care system thereby increase levels of participation in clinical trials among B/AA.
Introduction One major limitation to cancer prevention and control in Africa has been lack of accurate and reliable epidemiological data. To date, there is no publicly available systematic review and meta-analysis on the prevalence of breast cancer in Africa. This data is important to understand the burden of the disease in Africa and identify areas lacking reliable studies. Objective The objective of this review was to examine the prevalence of breast cancer in Africa based on region, subtype, and screening. Methods A systematic search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, PUBMED, ISI Web of Science, BIOSIS, African Journal Online, and Global Health was conducted. We included population-based or hospital-based cancer registry studies on breast cancer conducted on African populations and providing estimates of breast cancer cases or prevalence over a period. A random effect meta-analysis was done to determine the pooled prevalence of breast cancer in Africa based on region, subtype and screening, using Stata Statistical Software: Release 16. College Station, TX: StataCorp LLC. Results Our search of databases yielded 2030 references that were imported into Covidence. A total of 44 studies were included in the review. The overall pooled prevalence of breast cancer in Africa was 0.48% (95% CI: 0.05-0.92). With regards to regional prevalence, the estimated prevalence of breast cancer among women in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), 0.68% (-0.03 - 0.1.39) was remarkably higher than that of women in North Africa (NA) 0.16% (95% CI: -0.11-0.42). Also, the overall prevalence of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) among female breast cancer patients was 29.51% (CI: 23.94-35.08). A sub-group analysis revealed, TNBC was more prevalent in women from SSA 29.51 (CI: 23.94- 35.08, 18 studies) than women from NA 20.17(14.63-25.71, 8 studies). Meta-analysis of African women participation in Breast Self-Examination (BSE) produced a prevalence of 29.57 (CI: 7.90-51.25). This was higher than the prevalence of African women participation in Clinical Breast Examination and mammography, 12.22 (7.58-16.86). Conclusions Though the incidence of breast cancer in Africa is relatively low, the same cannot be said of its prevalence. Also, within Africa, there are clear regional and sub-regional differences in both breast cancer prevalence and the prevalence of TNBC among breast cancer patients. This may be attributed to limited infrastructure needed for breast cancer control and prevention especially within SSA regions. Establishment of robust hospital-based cancer registries in Africa will boost the collection of accurate and complete cancer data that can be used in epidemiological research, patient care improvement, and cancer control which will ultimately lead to the reduction of breast cancer burden in Africa. Citation Format: Livingstone Aduse-Poku, Kurt Fernando, Sabrina I. Fossi, Sylvester Antwi, Haythem Ali, Eleanor Walker, Evelyn M. Jiagge. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence of breast cancer in Africa: Identifying unanswered questions [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Conference: Thirteenth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2020 Oct 2-4. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(12 Suppl):Abstract nr PO-152.
Introduction According to GLOBOCAN 2018 data, breast cancer (BC) is the leading cancer in women and the second cause of cancer mortality. Most BC studies in Ghana and other nations in the Sub-Saharan African regions have revealed that these BC are very aggressive and have poor prognostic features. However, previous studies on the clinical and pathological characteristics have been limited to data from single institutions and have used smaller sample sizes. Here we are reporting on the data from a pathology lab (Pathologists Without Borders) that serves patients from each of 16 regions of Ghana that are representative of more than 50% of the BC patients seen over the span of two years; this is due to the unique ability to sustain immunohistochemistry services for an entire year. Objectives The objective of this study is to more accurately report the clinical and histological characteristics of BC across the country to determine the distribution by age and subtype to better understand the relationship between West sub-Saharan African ancestry and aggressive triple negative BC. Methods With ethical approval, demographic, clinical and pathology data on patients with histological diagnosis of BC between 5/1/18 and 5/14/20 at participating healthcare facilities in Ghana were entered into a database. Immunohistochemistry for the estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor (HER2) is based on the bio-SB semi-automated platform. A descriptive analysis on variables such as age, clinical diagnosis, tumor size, number of lymph nodes, tumor grade, and BC subtypes was performed. A comparative analysis of the various variables was done using IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) for windows, version 26.0 at 5% confidence interval. Results A total of 1741 BC cases with a mean age of diagnosis, 51.70 ± 16.68 were included in the study. BC was diagnosed most frequently in patients ≥50 years (41.5%) and occurred more frequently on the left side (45.7%). The majority of BC were <1000g (61.7%), >5cm in size (67.8%) had no lymph nodes involvement (35.8%) and were grade II (49.7%). 32.0% of the patients were triple negative. Triple Negative Breast Cancers (TNBCs) were more frequently diagnosed in patients <40 years old (41.2%) who had T3 tumors (30.6%) that was <1000g (37.9%), >5cm in size, grade III (49.5%), and had >10 lymph nodes involved N3 (33.3%). Conclusion TNBCs and HER2+ tumors are the most frequently diagnosed BC in Ghana. The majority of the tumors present with aggressive features such as premenopausal diagnosis, large size, high grade, and have more lymph node involvement. This data is more representative of the characteristics of BC across the country. Here we demonstrate the importance of a standardized pathology reporting system across the country. Research should be carried into the molecular pathology of Ghanaian BC to ascertain reasons for high number of aggressive forms. Citation Format: Kafui Akakpo, Livingstone Aduse-Poku, Kurt Fernando, Lawrence Edusai, Simon Naporo, Sabrina I. Fossi, Sylvester Antwi, Evelyn M. Jiagge. Breast cancer in Ghana: A study of the characteristics of breast cancers reported nationally from 2018 to 2020 [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Conference: Thirteenth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2020 Oct 2-4. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(12 Suppl):Abstract nr PR01.
Introduction In sub-Saharan Africa, breast cancer (BC) is the leading cancer in women and the second cause of cancer mortality. In order to reduce the burden of BC in women with African ancestry there is a need for a structured, coordinated effort to address gaps in our understanding of the factors associated with the disease that influence tumor initiation, progression, and outcomes. To address this need ‘Precision Medicine for African Breast Cancer (PMABC)’ a comprehensive partnership housed at the Henry Ford Cancer Institute was created with the aim of bringing together African researchers to study African BC. We are currently composed of nine leading institutions spanning West and East Africa and two institutions in the United States. Objectives The broad aim of PMABC is to bring together researchers and institutions across sub-Saharan Africa to partner with foreign institutions and funding agencies to study and identify new and improved methods of screening, diagnosing, and treating BC in Africans to improve the overall outcome. Among the aims of PMABC are: • Registry: Create a national BC registry building on data from participating institutions which comprise at least 80% of all BC cases seen in the respective country • Standardization of pathology protocol and reporting: harmonize the pathology reporting scheme and ensure its conformity to international standards Standardization of treatment protocols: Study and compare treatment protocols with international standards and make recommendations • Biorepository: Create a national repository of patient samples to be used in genetic and biological studies • Study African tumor biology: Build the capacity to be able to study African tumors locally and participate in clinical trials • Patient follow up and survival studies: study and obtain data on patient outcomes Achievements We currently have ethical approval and have begun work in nine institutions across West and East Africa. • Creation of a national database in Ghana that currently consists of over 7000 patients. The data is being analyzed to determine risk factors and the distribution of BC by subtypes • We are setting up two research labs in Ghana to train local researchers for basic and translational research • We have a biorepository of over 2000 patient samples that is available for collaborative studies • We have developed tumor models from continental African breast tumors • Building partnership with international organizations, pharmaceutical companies, and funding agencies to study African BC Conclusion PMABC serves as an umbrella institution to coordinate the work between these researchers and to provide resources for the institutions to provide a high level of BC research and treatment. We are aiming to partner with countries across Africa to translate the model created by PMABC in order fulfill the need for further BC research and standardization of data collection and treatment. PMABC is made possible because of the dedication and passion of our collaborating researchers. Citation Format: Sabrina I. Fossi, Sylvester Antwi, Kwabena Agbedinu, Kafui Akakpo, Samuel Mensah, Nelson Affram, Mohammed Sheriff, Foster Amponsah, Jacqueline Asibey, Osei Collins, Alex Mremi, Livingstone Aduse-Poku, Kurt Fernando, Haythem Ali, Eleanor Walker, Jessica Bensenhaver, Evelyn M. Jiagge. Precision medicine for African breast cancer: Bringing African researchers together to study African breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Conference: Thirteenth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2020 Oct 2-4. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(12 Suppl):Abstract nr PO-189.
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