Background: Pregnancy is the period during which a fetus develops inside the uterus or womb of a female. Low back pain is common during pregnancy, and it can have serious effects on physical, mental, emotional health during daily activities of living. Job routine commitments in working women may have impact on the level of low back pain during. Objective: To compare the low back pain in working and non-working pregnant females. Methodology: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study. The data was collected through validated Oswestry Disability Questionnaire and numeric pain rating scale from 121 pregnant females, 25 working and 96 non-working females, between the ages of 20 to 40 years with having low back pain working or non-working from Fatima Memorial Hospital, Lahore from October 2020 to March 2021 using non-probability convenience sampling. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 25.0 software. Result: The mean age of the study is 27.91. Independent t-test showed statistically non-significant difference between back pain of working (n=25, M=5.76, SD=0.413) and non-working (n=95, M=5.78, SD=.186) females, t(120)=.080, p=.936. the 95% confidence interval was -.0798 to 0.865. so, it failed to reject the null hypothesis. Also, there was no statistically significant difference between disability of working (n=25, M=12.68, SD=.8.112) and non-working (n=95, M=15.27, SD=8.350) females. t(120)=-1.390, p=.167. the 95% confidence interval was -6.282 to 1.100. so, it failed to reject the null hypothesis Conclusion: The findings of study concluded that both working and non-working females have a statistically non-significant, equal level of pain and disability due to low back pain during pregnancy. Keywords: Pregnancy, Low Back Pain, Working Women, Non-Working Women, Housewife, Female Job
Background: Hamstring flexibility is an essential variable because decreased extensibility can cause injuries, non-specific low back pain and altered lumbopelvic rhythm. Flexibility training is an important component in preventing or rehabilitation of injuries and also a method of improving one’s performance in everyday activities and sports. Objectives: To compare the effects of static stretching & muscle energy techniques on hamstring shortness in females. Methods: A randomized controlled trial conducted at Department of Health Sciences, Khawaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology Rahim Yar Khan on 50 asymptomatic females. In this study, 50 females were randomly allocated in two groups strictly following the inclusion/exclusion criteria. Group A received hamstring static stretching, while group B muscle energy techniques (Autogenic inhibition). Informed written consent was taken from each participant. 90-90 test, SLR, Sit and reach test were used as outcome measurement tools of hamstring tightness. 6 sessions in 2 weeks were given to each participant. Baseline as well as follow-up data after 2 consecutive weeks was recorded. Results: Mean age of participants of Groups A & B were 26±1.2, 26±0.9 years respectively. Group B participants showed marked improvement at 90-90 test, SLR, Sit and reach outcome measurement tools compared to group A as p-value was found less than 0.05 which is considered significant. Conclusion: Muscle energy techniques particularly autogenic inhibition have better treatment outcome as compared to hamstring static stretching alone in asymptomatic females with hamstring shortness.
Objective: To find out the attitude of physiotherapists towards their profession and to assess the quality of professionalism in physiotherapists. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Private and government physiotherapy setups in Lahore, Pakistan, from Oct 2019 to Dec 2019. Methodology: 312 physical therapists were recruited in the study. A modified standard questionnaire by the American Physical Therapy Association (APTA) was used for the data collection. Data were analyzed by using SPSS 22.0. Results: In the current study, 312 participants were included, out of which 54.2% were male physical therapists and 45.8% were female physical therapists. Their mean age was 26.27 ± 2.15 years. The average professionalism score was 270.56 ± 22.27. Quality of professionalism, measured in physical therapists was 5 (1.60%), 14 (4.5%), 106 (34%), 148 (47.44%), and 39 (12.50%) as poor, fair, good, and excellent professionalism, respectively. Conclusion: The majority of physical therapists showed a borderline positive attitude and very few had a negative attitude towards professionalism. Moreover, good quality of professionalism was observed prominently in most of the physiotherapists, whereas, minority of them portrayed bad and poor professionalism.
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