Objective: To compare the effect of supraperiosteal injection of dexamethasone with 2% lidocaine on the frequency of interappointment endodontic pain at different time intervals. Study Design: Prospectivecomparativestudy. Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out at operative department of Armed Forces Institute of Dentistry, Rawalpindi from 1st October 2019 to 31st March 2020. Materials and Methods: A total of 100 patients presenting to the Department of Operative Dentistry, Armed Forces Institute of Dentistry, Rawalpindi and giving consent for participation, aged 20-50 years from both genders, presenting with acutely inflamed pulp in their maxillary first molars were selected for this study using convenient sampling technique. The patients were randomly divided into two equal groups of 50 patients with the help of scientific random number table. Endodontic therapy was initiated, pulpectomy canals were prepared with ProTaper Next system, intra-canal dressings of calcium hydroxide were placed and the cavity was restored with Cavit till the next appointment. Group A patients were then injected with dexamethasone at the mucobuccal fold and group B patients were injected with lidocaine used as placebo. Pain was recorded at 48 and 72 hours using the visual analogue scale. Data was analyzed using SPSS 21. Results: The study included equal number of male and females. The mean age of group A was 35 ± 4.5 years while of group B was 33 ± 6.7 years. The results showed that dexamethasone does not reduce pain at 48 and 72 hours compared to the placebo. Conclusion: It is concluded that dexamethasone does not reduce interappointment endodontic pain when compared to a placebo.
Nanosized titania (TiO 2 ) films and powders were prepared from titanium isopropoxide by ultrasonication then ultrasonic aerosol-assisted chemical vapor deposition (UAACVD). X-ray diffraction (XRD), used to study the crystal structure, phase, and crystallite size of TiO 2 samples annealed at 500°C, revealed anatase was the main crystalline phase. Scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy revealed the quasi-spherical morphology of the TiO 2 nanoparticles; average size distribution was in the range 20-35 nm. Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy was used to evaluate the photocatalytic activity of the anatase TiO 2 , on the basis of efficiency of degradation of bnaphthol. Pure TiO 2 nanoparticles synthesized by use of sonication-UAACVD then calcination at 500°C enabled effective photodegradation under UV light. This method of synthesis of TiO 2 is superior to the reflux-UAACVD method with titanium isopropoxide as precursor.
ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the frequency of pain in teeth with irreversible pulpitis after single visit root canal treatment using intra-canal cryotherapy. Study design: Quasi experimental Place and duration of study: Department of Operative Dentistry, Armed forces institute of Dentistry Rawalpindi from 1st June 2017 to 31st December 2017. Material and Methods: Total of 140 patients from 20 to 65 years were equally divided into two groups Group A in which Cryotherapy was used and Group B was control group. After anesthetizing the tooth & application of Rubber Dam, Root canal preparation was done with Protaper next series and copious irrigation of 5.25% sodium hypochlorite and 17% EDTA solution. In group A patients the final irrigation was done with Normal saline at a temperature of 2.5°C. In the control group, final irrigation was performed with normal saline at room temperature. Obturation was done with cold lateral condensation and permanent restoration was done with composite. Patients were contacted by telephone after 24 Hours and were asked whether they experienced any pain. Results: Mean age was 39.26+12.61 years. There were 82 (58.6) male and 58 (41.4) female patients. Comparison of cryotherapy group and controls was done in terms of post-operative pain. After 24 Hours 80% of the patients in group A has no pain while in control group 61.4% were pain free. Conclusion: Key words: Root canal treatment, cryotherapy, irreversible pulpitis, postoperative pain
This research aims at exploring whether simple trading strategies developed using state-ofthe-art Machine Learning (ML) algorithms can guarantee more than the risk-free rate of return or not. For this purpose, the direction of S&P 500 Index returns on every 6th day (SPYRETDIR6) and magnitude of S&P 500 Index daily returns (SPYMAG) were predicted on a broad selection of independent variables using various ML techniques. Using five consecutive data spans of equal length, GBM was found to provide highest prediction accuracy on SPYRETDIR6, consistently. In terms of magnitude prediction of daily returns (SPYMAG), Random Forest results indicated that there is a very high correlation between actual/predicted values of SPY. Based on these results, Trading Strategy #1 (using SPYRETDIR6 predictions) and Trading Strategy #2 (using SPYMAG predictions) were developed and tested against a simple Buy & Hold benchmark of the same index. It was found that Trading Strategy #1 provides negative returns on all data spans, while Trading Strategy #2 has positive returns on average when data is separated into consecutive data spans. None of the trading strategies have a positive Sharpe ratio on average, but Trading Strategy #2 is almost as profitable as investing in T-bills using the risk-free rate.
Objective: To evaluate and compare clinical performance and caries inhibition of Resin modified glass ionomer cement and composite restoration in primary molars Study Design: Quasi-experimental study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Operative Dentistry, Armed Forces Institute of Dentistry, Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Feb 2019 to Jan 2020. Methodology: Eighty-three patients fulfilling the selection criteria having at least one carious mandibular primary molar on both sides were divided by split-mouth design. Resin-modified Glass ionomer restorations were done on one side and termed Group-A, and Composite Restorations were done on the other side and termed Group-B. Each restoration was clinically evaluated regarding the appearance of secondary caries at 3, 6 and 12 months after placement by the same operator who performed the treatment. Results: A total of 166 conventional restorations were placed in the 83 children having carious mandibular primary molars, at least one on each side of the arch. The assessment of restorations, performed after six months, showed an 89.2% success rate of Resin modified Glass ionomer restorations and a 66% success rate of Composite Restoration. One year of follow-up showed an 80% success rate for Resin modified Glass ionomer restorations and 60% for Composite Restoration, as regards secondary caries; statistically significant differences were found in both groups. Conclusion: The study results showed that Resin modified Glass ionomer cement used to restore primary molars affected by caries performed better clinically than composite in assessing secondary caries.
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