Aim: To assess the seropositive cases of hepatitis B & C in surgical patients admitted for both emergency & elective surgery. Methodology: This study was conducted in the surgery department of Pak Red Crescent Teaching Hospital. The design of the study was descriptive observational. All the 1238 patients undergoing emergency and elective surgery were enrolled in this study by convenient sampling. Demographic data of all the patients were recorded. Along with routine preoperative tests, all the patients were screened for hepatitis B & C virus infection. Immunochromatography (ICT) method was adopted for both HBsAg and Anti-HCV screening. In patients with week positive results further test of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed. Operation theater staff and surgeon were informed about seropositive patients to take special precautionary measures during handling of the sharp objects. Biological waste of such patients is disposed of by using Biosafety protocols. Demographic data along with risk factors, HbsAg & Anti-HCV status were collected and analyzed with Microsoft Excel 2019. Results: A total number of 1238 patients were enrolled in our study, out of them 708 were male and 530 were female. Average age of the patients was 40.05±16 years. Out of 1238 patients, HBV was found in 14(1.13%) patients and HCV was found in 121 (9.77%) patients both hepatitis B & C was found in 3(0.24%) patients. Conclusion: Preoperatively screening of hepatitis B and C should be performed mandatory in all patients regardless of the nature of surgery. Before operating seropositive patients, surgeon and operation theater staff should be informed to take precautionary measures while handling the sharp objects. Used infected material of such patients should be disposed of by using Biosafety protocols. All the health works must be vaccinated against hepatitis B virus. Keywords: Hep B infection, Hep C Infection, Seropositive.
Abstract Objective: This project aimed at determining time-dependent ultrastructural and hematological changes taking place in blood stored in local blood banks of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Methods: It was a longitudinal study with repeated measures design. Twenty healthy blood donors participated in this study. An amount of 250ml blood was collected from each donor and stored in Citrate Phosphate Dextrose Adenine-1 (CPDA-1)-containing blood bags. Within first four hours, baseline samples were taken while subsequent samples were obtained at 5 days interval till day 20 th . Structural changes in RBCs were observed under light and scanning electron microscope (SEM) at different intervals. Furthermore, hematological parameters and osmotic fragility were also determined. Results: Remarkable alterations were seen in RBCs morphology. From 5th day onwards, multiple visible spicules were observed on the RBC’s outer membrane and more than 2/3rd cells were abnormal at day 20. There was a significant reduction in RBCs count and hemoglobin concentration while the remaining parameters remained unchanged. Osmotic fragility increased significantly over time, with <1% haemolysis noted in baseline samples as compared to 2.4% haemolysis on day 20th (p?0.0001). Conclusion: Prolonged storage of blood results in distorted RBCs morphology and increased fragility. Transfusion of such cells would potentially result in rapid lysis in patients with hepatosplenomegaly and conditions requiring multiple blood transfusions. Keywords: Red cells storage, scanning electron microscope, osmotic fragility, Transfusion, Blood storage, hemoglobin. Continuous...
Human history has faced numberless pandemics; however, the contemporary pandemic Covid-19 proved the most fatal and dangerous amongst all. Although vaccines have been prepared, launched, and injected in almost all around the world but according to the medical experts, human life seems to be vulnerable to its new expected waves and novel variants. The only suggested solution is advised to follow its SOPs. Public must change their lifestyle and behaviors forever according to these SOPs for survival of humanity. The basic question of this research is whether we found any role model, instructions, or example from The Prophet (S.A.W). The paper elaborates the aspects of Sīrat-un-Nabi (S.A.W) in this regard. He (S.A.W) indicated the reasons of pandemics, their remedies, and their spiritual and practical solutions. He (S.A.W.) not only stated the status of the victims and expired individuals due to the pandemics but also taught the humanity more than the SOPs recommended by medical experts for saving lives from corona infection. Humanity can be saved from the pandemics and losses can be reduced by acting upon and following the precautionary measures and SOPs recommended by the Prophet (S.A.W), like the social distancing, lockdown, covering the mouth (mask), quarantine, avoiding the hand shaking and hugging with the patients and the strict instructions of regular cleanliness.
Islam is a universal religion and an advocate of world-wide peace and unity among people of district background. It preaches its followers about the unity of the whole humanity. In several verses of Quran and in the sayings of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), the Muslims Ummah is directed to be united and harmonious. Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) also presented a great role model from his own life and practices (Seerah) to establish and maintain unity among the Muslim Ummah. He (PBUH) established brotherhood among the Muhâjrîn and the Ansâr and suggested it as a model practice to the whole Ummah. He (PBUH) also narrated the benefits of unity and the disadvantages of dispersal in his sayings. He suggested the effective solutions of differences of opinions and other clashes among the Muslims. This research focuses on deriving the solutions of maintaining the unity and brotherhood in resolving the clashes and differences of ideology among Muslims in the light of the teachings of Islam, especially from The Seerah (life practice) of The Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H) in this age.
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