<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Thyroid swelling without symptomatic manifestation is common occurrence and could affect 5 to 20% patients in endemic areas. Majority of them are non neoplastic and may not require surgery. Less than 5% of thyroid nodules are malignant.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> Present study was conducted to correlate clinical findings, HRUSG findings, thyroid profile and FNAC findings in patients of asymptomatic thyroid swelling. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Proportion of euthyroid patients was higher compared to hyperthyroid and hypothyroid diagnosed as colloid goiter on FNAC findings (82.4% vs. 0.0% and 12.9%). Proportion of hypothyroid was higher compared to euthyroid and hyperthyroid diagnosed as Follicular adenoma (3.2% vs. 0.0% and 1.2%) and colloid goiter with cystic changes (48.4% vs. 0.0% and 10.6%). Proportion of hyperthyroid compared to hypothyroid and euthyroid patients were higher diagnosed as thyroiditis (75.0% vs. 32.3% and 5.9%) and papillary/medullary CA (25.0% vs. 3.2 and 0.0%). A statistically significant association of FNAC diagnosis and thyroid profile of patients with asymptomatic thyroid swelling was found.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> The present study showed that thyroid dysfunction could play a significant role in determining the underlying pathology behind thyroid swelling and must be evaluated at the earliest using thyroid function tests as the first line of diagnostic tool. In case of suspected thyroid profile; USG neck and FNAC should be done. In view of lack of studies correlating thyroid and clinicopathological profiles of thyroid swellings, further studies to potentiate the present study findings are recommended.</p>
<p class="abstract"><strong>Background: </strong>Lead poisoning is one of the most common metal poisonings. Lead is present in many man-made structures, work environments and various products. It has been consistently shown that low as well as high exposure levels to heavy metals have an adverse effect on human health, leading to conditions such as cardiovascular and pulmonary dysfunctions.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 25 patients (50 ears) presented with hearing loss were included in the study on the basis of inclusion and exclusion criterion. All the patients were subjected to pure tone audiometry and blood lead levels followed by data analysis. Statistical analysis was used and data was analysed using Statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) 21.0 software. Chi-square test and ANOVA were used to compare the data. P value less than 0.05 was considered as significant.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Age group of patients included in study was 5-50 years with female predominance. Blood lead levels were independent of sex and age of patient, however statistical association was noted with pure tone audiometry (hearing loss).</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions: </strong>As positive correlation was observed between lead levels and hearing loss, we emphasize on the fact that further studies on a larger sample size including a control arm should be planned.</p>
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