Gynecomastia is a common abnormality of breast tissue among men. It is the benign enlargement of male breast glandular tissue. In this report a narrative approach was followed for the qualitative inquiry of three men from the high altitude areas of Pakistan. They presented with gynecomastia and infertility. These men were approached for clinical examination, lab investigations, and further management. The semen findings of these patients showed oligospermia, azoospermia or necrospermia. Serum Prolactin was found to be high and they were overweight with increased breast development. The Serum Prolactin, FSH, LH levels, and Testosterone levels were measured in these patients with infertility. The laboratory investigations of our patients showed high prolactin and estrogen levels. All these men were reported stress due to erectile dysfunction and infertility. The reasons of male infertility in the high-altitude areas of Pakistan need to be explored further. Keywords: Male infertility, gynecomastia, high altitude
Healthy youth is an asset and strength for economic and social growth of any society. Developmental changes during puberty of youngsters need proper guidance to avoid future physical, physiological and psychological ailments. Bilateral Retractile Testis (BRT) is a health problem if remains unnoticed till adolescence can lead to tribulations. BRT may affect testicular parenchyma and spermatogenesis. Cremasteric muscles (muscles attached with testes) pull the testes up into groin so it randomly moves up and down and do not reside in its natural pouch always. It has been a controversial issue in male infertility as retraction may affect infertility. Objective: To estimate the prevalence of male infertility among patients with Bilateral Retractile Testis. Methodology: A total of 200 male patients were enrolled after the power calculation, with different reproductive health problems between the age of 18 -40 years during the year 2016 at Reproductive health clinic Jinnah Post Graduate Medical Center (JPMC), Karachi. 25 male patients were reported with infertility and BRT. The data was collected using self-developed questionnaire including outdoor patients' physical check-up, manual testicular examination as size and shape were done. Patient height, weight, blood pressure, their lifestyle, and dressing regarding wearing tight jeans habits were asked. Semen analysis was carried out showing abnormality in sperm count, motility or morphology and entered and analysed in the SPSS version 10. Means and percentages were calculated. Result: Out of 200 male infertile patients, a total of 25 (12.5%) patients with a diagnosis of BRT were found in the sample with the mean age of 29 years. Moreover, it was identified that those having BRT also have low motility of the sperms. Based on the results it was concluded that How to cite this paper: Burni
Gynecomastia is a common abnormality of breast tissue among men. It is the benign enlargement of male breast glandular tissue. In this report a narrative approach was followed for the qualitative inquiry of three men from the high altitude areas of Pakistan. They presented with gynecomastia and infertility. These men were approached for clinical examination, lab investigations, and further management. The semen findings of these patients showed oligospermia, azoospermia or necrospermia. Serum Prolactin was found to be high and they were overweight with increased breast development. The Serum Prolactin, FSH, LH levels, and Testosterone levels were measured in these patients with infertility. The laboratory investigations of our patients showed high prolactin and estrogen levels. All these men were reported stress due to erectile dysfunction and infertility. The reasons of male infertility in the high-altitude areas of Pakistan need to be explored further. Keywords: Male infertility, gynecomastia, high altitude
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