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Takotsubo cardiomyopathy can occur after acute mental or physical stress, subarachnoid hemorrhage, ischemic stroke, major head trauma, acute medical illness or acute pheochromocytoma crisis. It is characterized by transient systolic dysfunction of the apical and/or midventricular segments in patients without epicardial coronary artery disease. The condition occurs most commonly in postmenopausal women, and is characterized by transient left ventricular dysfunction. The pathophysiology of the disorder remains to be elucidated but may involve catecholamine excess and vasospasm. Future studies, perhaps in the form of an international registry, may clarify the incidence, pathophysiology, clinical course, and prognosis of this disorder.

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Single lap joints of woven glass fabric reinforced phenolic composites, having four different overlap\ud widths, were impacted transversely using a hemispherical impactor with different velocities in the low\ud velocity impact range. The resulting damage was observed at various length scales (from micro to macro)\ud using transmission photography, ultrasonic c-scan and x-ray micro tomography (XMT), in support of\ud each other. These experimental observations were used for classification of damage in terms of damage\ud scale, location (i.e. ply, interfaces between plies or bond failure between the two adherends) and\ud mechanisms, with changing overlap width and impact velocity. In addition, finite element analysis was\ud used to simulate delamination and disbond failure. These simulations were used to further explain the\ud observed dependence of damage on overlap width and impact velocity. The results from these experiments\ud and simulations lead to the proposal of a concept of lower and upper characteristic overlap width.\ud These bounds relate the dominant damage pattern (i.e. scale, location and mechanism) with overlap\ud width of the joint for a given impact velocity range

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