Summary
As we head into the third year of the COVID-19 pandemic, there is an increasing need to consider the long-term mental health outcomes of health care workers (HCWs) who have experienced overwhelming work pressure, economic and social deprivation, burnout, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This scoping umbrella review summarizes the mental health outcomes of published evidence syntheses on HCWs worldwide. We analyzed 39 evidence syntheses representing the findings from 1297 primary studies. We found several persistent fears and concerns (job-related fears, fear of stigmatization, worries about the pandemic, and infection-related fears) that shaped HCW experiences in delivering health care. We also describe several risk factors (job-related, social factors, poor physical and mental health, and inadequate coping strategies) and protective factors (individual and external factors). This is the first scoping umbrella review comprehensively documenting the various risk and protective factors that HCWs have faced during the COVID-19 pandemic. HCWs continue to fear the risk that they may infect their family and friends since they regularly interact with COVID-19 patients. This places HCWs in a precarious situation requiring them to balance risk to their family and friends and potential social deprivation from isolation.
Study Objective:
Evidence syntheses perform rigorous investigations of the primary literature and they have played a vital role in generating evidence-based recommendations for governments worldwide during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, there has not yet been an attempt to organize them across topic and other characteristics. This study performed a systematic mapping exercise of non-clinical evidence syntheses pertaining to COVID-19.
Methods:
This study conducted a systematic search on December 5, 2020 across 10 databases and servers: CINAHL, Embase, Global Health, Healthstar, MEDLINE, PsychINFO, and Web of Science, Research Square, MEDRxiv, and PROSPERO. Only full evidence syntheses published in a peer-reviewed journal or preprint server were included.
Results:
This study classified all evidence synthesis in the following topics: health service delivery (n = 280), prevention and behavior (n = 201), mental health (n = 140), social epidemiology (n = 31), economy (n = 22), and environment (n = 19). This study provides a comprehensive resource of all evidence syntheses categorized according to topic.
Conclusions:
This study proposes the following research priorities: governance, the impact of COVID-19 on different populations, the effectiveness of prevention and control methods across contexts, mental health, and vaccine hesitancy.
Pyocoeles of the paranasal sinuses are pus-filled cavities seen in the sinuses and develop from the infection of the mucocoeles. Pyocoeles most commonly form in the frontal sinus. Endoscopic Sinus Surgery is currently the mainstay of the treatment.
We present the case of an 85-year-old female who presented to the ENT OPD of Jinnah Hospital/AIMC, Lahore, in October 2017 with complaints of progressive symptoms of intractable left frontal pain, double vision, and an associated swelling below the medial half of the left eyebrow. A CT scan was done and a diagnosis of extensive frontal pyocele was made. She was treated successfully with an external approach and remained without any complications till 13-month follow-up after surgery; exceptional cosmetic results were achieved.
We wish to bring attention to the possibility of an external approach being used as a primary intervention, if deemed appropriate.
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