Nipah virus, a member of the genus Henipavirus, a new class of virus in the Paramyxoviridae family, has drawn attention as an emerging zoonotic virus in south east and south asian region. Case fatality rate of Nipah virus infection ranges from 40-70% although it has been as high as 100% in some outbreaks. Many of the outbreaks were attributed to pigs consuming fruits partially eaten by fruit bats, and transmission of infection to humans. In Bangladesh, 7 outbreaks of Nipah virus infection were identified during the period 2001-2007. In Bangladesh, Nipah virus infection was associated with contact with a sick cow, consumption of fresh date palm sap (potentially contaminated with pteropid bat saliva), and person-to-person transmission. In the most recent epidemic at least 15 people died due to Nipah virus infection in Hatibandha, Lalmonirhat district in a remote northern Bangladesh town in 2011 adding to the previous death toll of 113 in the country . Human infections range from asymptomatic infection to fatal encephalitis. Infected people initially develop influenzalike symptoms of fever, headaches, myalgia , vomiting and sore throat. This can be followed by dizziness, drowsiness, altered consciousness, and neurological signs that indicate acute encephalitis. Some people can also experience atypical pneumonia and severe respiratory problems. The virus is detected by ELISA, PCR, immunofluoroscent assay and isolation by cell culture. Treatment is mostly symptomatic and supportive as the effect of antiviral drugs is not satisfactory, and an effective vaccine is yet to be developed. So the very high case fatality addresses the need for adequate and strict control and preventive measures.
Background: Expansion of Dengue fever caused by a mosquito borne arbovirus to new countries and, from urban to rural settings constitutes an important health problem in the world including Bangladesh. Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate spread of clinical Dengue to previously non-endemic Barisal district and get an idea of how recent this spread is by comparing proportions of non-travelers and travelers to an endemic area among the admitted patients. Methodology: The incidence of dengue infection in Barisal division with and without travel history to known endemic area was investigated in the current cross sectional study from a conveniently selected sample of patients admitted to the medicine department of Sher-e-Bangla medical College Hospital form Barisal district from July 15, through August, to September 15, 2019. Clinical and laboratory data were collected by attending doctors and checked by investigators. The primary diagnostic tool was NS1 antigen detected by SD Bioline Dengue NS1 Ag Test Kit. Data entry and analysis was done by SPSS version 24.0 software. Result: A total number of sample size was 212 admitted patents of whom 138(65.1%) were male, 74 (34.9 %) were female,116 (54.7%) of patients traveled to a known endemic zone, 96 (45.3%) did not; 206 (97.2%) were NS1 positive, 4 (1.9%) were IgM positive, 2 (0.9%) were IgM positive and IgG positive; Of travelling 116 patients, 92(79.3%) were male, 24(20.7%) were female, of travelling 96 patients 46(47.9%) were male, 50(52.1%) were female. p-value was <0.001. Conclusion: The study concluded that Dengue is becoming endemic in previously non-endemic zones like greater Barisal, though travelers still holds the major share of disease burden. Male preponderance in traveling to endemic zone was statistically significant. Bangladesh Journal of Infectious Diseases 2020;7(1):3-7
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was first identified in 2019 in Wuhan, the capital of China's Hubei province, and has eventually spread to the size of pandemic. This article points outs the facts of its epidemiology and management in a thoughtful, brief, palatable, revealing and innovative way. This article also discusses a few innovations which could make the environment unfriendly to SARS-CoV-2. Mediscope Vol. 8, No. 1: January 2021, Page 53-62
This article refl ects the opinion on a few of my clinical experiences involving symptoms and signs which are not mentioned in standard textbooks on medicine or clinical methods. These are clinical and a few radiological signs which I think worth discussing by clinical community, includes Muslim prayer's feet, hyponatraemic bullae, early signs of oedema, PCV sign, hemi-semi-Hoffman's sign and a few more.
One of the most elusive unsolved problems of today is Riemann hypothesis. For long mathematicians have struggled to prove this problem, and also tried to devise an elementary version of the problem, proof of which indirectly proves Riemann hypothesis. In 2002 J. C. Lagarias published such an elementary version of the hypothesis which has been widely accepted as an elementary equivalent of Riemann hypothesis. This article attempts to prove Lagarias's condition, a proof of Guy Robin's inequality has also been provided in the end, any of which consequently proves Riemann hypothesis.
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