Most microorganisms isolated from patients with bacterial keratitis showed susceptibility to ciprofloxacin and aminoglycosides. Cephalothin plus aminoglycoside constituted an effective initial broad-spectrum antibiotic combination. The success rate of topical antibiotic treatment of corneal abscess is 89%. Predictors of failure include older age group, medium or large ulcer, culture-negative keratitis, hypopyon and poor visual acuity.
One hundred and forty-five isolates of Yersinia enterocolitica of different serotypes and biotypes, including atypical biotypes, collected from various parts of the world, were examined for their susceptibility to beta-lactam antibiotics and expression of intracellular beta-lactamases. The reasons for the specificity of patterns of susceptibility to beta-lactams for each biotype or subtype of Y. enterocolitica were elucidated by examining their ss-lactamase activity. Whilst the biotypes and subtypes were uniformly susceptible to the newer beta-lactam antibiotics, the susceptibility pattern observed with other beta-lactams was specific to each biotype or subtype, because of the characteristics of beta-lactamase expression by strains within these groups. The susceptibility to these beta-lactam agents depended entirely on the extent of elaboration or the absence of one of the two beta-lactamases, enzyme A and enzyme B, found in the species. Detection of enzyme B by a disc diffusion test yielded inconsistent results, but detection of enzyme A by disc diffusion was highly reliable. This test clearly distinguished strains of biotype 2, serotype O:5,27 from those of biotype 2, serotype O:9 and biotype 3, serotypes O:1, 2a-3, O:3 and O:5.
The c-Myc (MYC) transcription factor is a major cancer driver and a well-validated therapeutic target. However, directly targeting MYC has been challenging. Thus, identifying proteins that interact with and regulate MYC may provide alternative strategies to inhibit its oncogenic activity. In this study, we report the development of a NanoLuc-based protein-fragment complementation assay (NanoPCA) and mapping of the MYC protein interaction hub in live mammalian cells. The NanoPCA system was configured to enable detection of protein-protein interactions (PPI) at the endogenous level, as shown with PRAS40 dimerization, and detection of weak interactions, such as PINCH1-NCK2. Importantly, NanoPCA allows the study of PPI dynamics with reversible interactions. To demonstrate its utility for large-scale PPI detection in mammalian intracellular environment, we have used NanoPCA to examine MYC interaction with 83 cancer-associated proteins in live cancer cell lines. Our new MYC PPI data confirmed known MYC-interacting proteins, such as MAX, GSK3A, and SMARCA4, and revealed a panel of novel MYC interaction partners, such as RAC-α serine/threonine-protein kinase (AKT)1, liver kinase B (LKB)1, and Yes-associated protein (YAP)1. The MYC interactions with AKT1, LKB1, and YAP1 were confirmed by coimmunoprecipitation of endogenous proteins. Importantly, AKT1, LKB1, and YAP1 were able to activate MYC in a transcriptional reporter assay. Thus, these vital growth control proteins may represent promising MYC regulators, suggesting new mechanisms that couple energetic and metabolic pathways and developmental signaling to MYC-regulated cellular programs.
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