This paper aims to examine the position of ummah while Muslims are living as minority in Australia. This paper argues that Australia as a secular and multicultural state has supported the development of ummah. There are some reasons to deal with this argument: first, the state consistently protects, respects and fulfils the right to the freedom of religion of all citizens because it ratified some international human rights documents; second, the state administrators have shown their professionalism in their daily life activity in terms of implementing the state law enforcement; third, although there are minor cases of religious discrimination that have been imposed by a minority group of fundamentalist Christian, they can be mitigated through the larger involvements of Muslims in the process of social development such as organising interreligious dialogues, discussions on religious tolerance, which significantly has been conditioned by the societal context of multiculturalism in Australia; fourth, a Muslim intellectual in Australia is totally pro-human rights.
The viscometer is a system measuring the viscosity value of a liquid substance. The function of this viscosity measuring instrument is used to analyze the viscosity level of a particular product so that it is easy to know the quality of fluid viscosity. In this research, two methods were conducted, namely simulation and experimentation. Simulations were conducted using Simulink Matlab while experiments were conducted by designing fluid viscosity measuring instruments by rotary method or commonly known as a rotational viscometer. This tool uses two sensors namely, rpm sensor to measure rpm of dc motor and current and voltage sensor to measure current from dc motor, and also use controller equipped with Internet of Things (IoT) so that the measurement results will be displayed through LCD and can be monitored through the website. From the simulation results obtained drum motor spinning at low speed to the 10th second of the motor rotation about 6 rad / s and as time increases, the motor rotation will increase until the 60th second of the motor rotation begins to be constant this is due to the large shear voltage produced by a fluid at the beginning of the motor is turned on very large and decreases over time. While the test results of the tool that has been designed, obtained the measurement results on SAE 40 Oil obtained accuracy results of 0.99, on the measurement of SAE Oil 20W-50 obtained an accuracy value of 0.99 and in the measurement of SAE 10W-30 Oil obtained an accuracy value of 0.99.
The aim of this study is to examine the comparative performance and volatility between Sharia and conventional portfolios listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) and to investigate the effect of quantitative (debt-ratio) screening on the Sharia-and-conventional-portfolios returns specifically applied in the selected public firms with the inter-industrial low-correlations. Applying a non-parametric test, the autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model, and the regression analysis, the results suggest that there is no difference in performance between Sharia and conventional portfolios; Sharia portfolios show the lower risks than conventional portfolios. Using quantitative Sharia-screening, the debt-to-equity ratio (DER) affects Sharia-portfolio returns, but not conventional-portfolio returns. This study contributes to providing country-specific evidence on applying quantitative Sharia-screening. Taking notice of the existing high-profile debt-ratio and applying the relatively loose standard of quantitative Sharia-screening for the public firms in Indonesia, this suggests that a country-specific quantitative Sharia-screening standard should be supported.
Muhammadiyah is an Islamic religious organization founded in 1912 that has survived for more than a century in Indonesia. The survival and dynamic development of Muhammadiyah has inspired exploratory studies revealing the concomitant factors behind the proliferation of Muhammadiyah, one of which is the idea of Islam Berkemajuan (progressive Islam). This study relies mostly on the official documents and individual works published before and after the coinage of the terminology in the early 2000s. This study approaches the subject by systematically and critically constructing the historical and theological perspectives. This research shows that Islam Berkemajuan finds its roots in progressivice Islamic discourse among Muslim intellectuals and activists in early twentieth-century Indonesia. The idea of progress then serves as an intellectual response to social, political, and economic plight of Indonesians under Dutch colonial rule. In addition, the idea of progress is also particularly found in the discourse among inner circles of Muhammadiyah to advance the position of Muslims. Islam Berkemajuan was founded on theological grounds. In this, the teaching of Ahmad Dahlan on surah al-‘Ashr and surah al-Ma’un has become a strong inspiration behind Muhammadiyah’s commitment to using religious and rational understanding in teaching and action, developing education, health services, economic development, empowerment, philanthropy, and humanitarian action. [Muhammadiyah adalah organisasi keislaman di Indonesia yang berdiri sejak 1912 dan telah bertahan lebih dari seabad. Keberlangsungan dan dinamika perkembangan Muhammadiyah telah menginspirasi kajian eksploratif yang mencerahkan seiring faktor dakwah Muhammadiyah, salah satunya ide tentang Islam Berkemajuan. Tulisan ini sebagian besar berdasar dokumen resmi lembaga dan publikasi personal tentang Muhammadiyah baik sebelum dan sesudah terminologi ini muncul di awal tahun 2000an. Tulisan ini menggunakan pendekatan sistematis dan konstruktif kritis pada perspektif sejarah dan teologis organisasi ini. Tulisan ini ingin menunjukkan bahwa Islam Berkemajuan berakar pada progresifitas diskursus keislaman diantara intelektual dan aktivis muslim Indonesia awal abad 20. Ide kemajuan kemudian berkembang sebagai respon intelektual terhadap memburuknya sosial, ekonomi dan politik Indonesia dimasa kolonial Belanda. Ide kemajuan juga sebagian berkembang dilingkungan internal Muhammadiyah untuk mendorong posisi muslim Indonesia. Islam berkemajuan juga mempunyai landasan teologisnya dalam ajaran Ahmad Dahlan terkait surah al-‘Ashr dan surah al-Ma’un. Hal ini menjadi inspirasi kuat selain komitmen Muhammadiyah menggunakan agama dan pemahaman rasional dalam ajaran dan aksi, pengembangan pendidikan, pelayanan kesehatan, kesejahteraan ekonomi, pemberdayaan, filantropi dan aksi kemanusiaan.]
The implementation of construction projects always has the risk of work accidents. Improper execution of occupational health and safety can lead to various risks of work accidents. Therefore, it is necessary to research risk analysis and mitigation control to reduce the risk of work accidents. This study aims to determine the domi-nant risks related to Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) during the Corona Virus Disease 2019 pandemic. The method used in this study is Bowtie Analysis because this method can assess risk and maximize the mitigation of the causal factors and their impacts. The results showed five dominant risks caused by 20 causal factors and 14 effects of work accident risk. The chief risks include broken sling cranes, overturned cranes, workers falling during scaffolding installation, workers falling during painting, and workers falling from elevators. Meanwhile, the risk due to the COVID-19 pandemic almost did not affect the dominant risk of work-related accidents. The risk response resulting from this study contains 36 alternative mitigations to prevent and resolve risks.
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