Abstract-The most used renewable energy in Indonesia comes from hydro energy. The hydro energy available in Indonesia is around 75,000-76,000 MW. Of the total available water energy in Indonesia, there is only about 3.783MW to power for large-scale power plants and about 220 MW for small-scale power plants. One small-scale hydro energy source is a small river that has a water speed range of 0.01 M / s to 2.8 m/s. Although it only has a low water velocity, the energy stored in it has the potential power to generate electricity. There are three types of waterwheels based on the water flow system, namely: overshot, breast-shot, and under-shot. In the overshot mill, the water through the windmill and the mill are under the flow of water. Water twisted the mill and water fell to the lower surface. The mill moves clockwise. In the breast-shoot wheel, the mill is placed parallel to the flow of water so that water flows through the center of the mill. Water turns the mill counterclockwise. In the undershot mill, the position of the waterwheel is placed slightly upward and slightly touches the water. The flow of water that touches the windmill moves the mill so that it is anticlockwise. And in this final project the author made a new system called Jumping Water, this system works almost the same as the breast-shoot only the wheel is not in a lower condition of the water surface, the bottom position of waterwheel parallel to the bottom of the water channel, which distinguishes the jumping water position Can be altered altitude according to the flow of the water which will affect the speed of the spin mill.
The need for electricity in Indonesia and throughout the world is increasing, while most of the energy sources for electricity generation are still using fossil fuels such as oil, natural gas and coal. Fossil energy has a high level of pollution which is the cause of global warming, it is necessary to replace fossil energy that is environmentally friendly, namely renewable energy. The construction of power plants such as micro hydro power plants (PLTMh) which are located in irrigation canals or rivers with relatively small water discharge will result in low wheel rotation. The waterwheel rotation in this PLTMh system has a low rotating speed of around 200 rpm, and has a low torque or no cogging torque effect. Based on the needs in the field, a permanent Neodymium Type (NdFeB) Permanent Magnet Axial Flux Generator is built, which is specifically designed for low speeds of 200 rpm and has no cogging torque or low rotational torque effects. And it is hoped that the design of this generator can be used according to the needs of PLTMH. The results obtained in this study are, the generator can produce a voltage at a rotational speed of 200 Rpm and a frequency of 50 Hz is 100 VAC.
For lovers of the outdoors and looking for tranquility, the Puthuk Ngepoh tourist attraction is located in Brajan Hamlet, Banjararum, Kalibawang Kulon Progo, which is in the Menoreh Hills. The location is 45 km from downtown Jogjakarta. Managed by a tourism awareness group (POKDARWIS), it can be a choice of destination to fill the weekend. One of the existing problems, is the constraint on electricity which is more economical. Therefore, the authors seek to Install Solar Panels (PLTS), as an alternative source of electricity by utilizing sunlight as a producer of electrical energy, which is environmentally friendly. This is expected to be a solution for the burden of lighting at tourist sites. Batteries are one option to store electrical energy, from solar panels. In observations, the battery is charged by solar panels that generate voltage by converting solar energy into electrical energy. The voltage generated from the solar panels ranges from 14.8 to 17.5 volts DC. The solar panels used are of the type Polycrystalline (Poly-crystalline) with a power of 100wp. The measurement results show that the solar panel current and voltage are ± 17V, the distribution to the battery is regulated by the solar charger controller (SCC), an average of 13.5V. Change the DC to AC voltage using an inverter. This shows that after the battery is charged for 2-3 hours, it can operate for 3 hours with an inverter output voltage of 220-176volt AC. Voltage and current will start to increase at 07.00 WIB, maximum at 10.00-13.00 WIB, starting to decrease until the afternoon.
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