The present study uses the aerosol optical depth (AOD) obtained from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite as a proxy to estimate the surface particulate matter (PM) concentrations over Sumatra. The daily average PM10 data collected during 2015 from three air quality stations across Sumatra, i.e., Kototabang, Jambi and Pekanbaru, were analyzed. The 2015 Indonesian forest fire significantly increased the PM10 concentrations and MODIS AOD values. The ratios of the mean PM10 concentrations and AOD values during the peak forest fire period to those during the period of normal conditions varied from 6 to 9. MODIS AOD may be a good indicator of the near-surface PM10 concentrations over Sumatra, as the correlation coefficients of the linear regressions were 0.86 (Kototabang), 0.80 (Jambi), and 0.81 (Pekanbaru). The linear regression functions of PM10 and satellite-observed AOD can be used to estimate the surface PM10 concentrations, and the correlation coefficient is 0.84.
National Institute of Aeronautics Space (LAPAN) develops satellites for many applications, such as for remote sensing, with camera and sensors for atmospheric parameter measurement. Distribution of electron density in altitude 60 to 1000 km, is very important for many applications, such as for radio communication and as early warning indicator. Many papers indicate the correlation of electron density variation to earthquake event and also mountain eruption. For covering wider area on ionosphere region of earth are needed a sensor based on satellite to collect the ionospheric data. Nanosatellite in constellation give more data in space and time. Although nanosatellite limited in of size and power, some nanosatellites already implemented and launched for scientific mission. In this research, we conduct a simulation and then fabrication steps, to validate the consistency of simulation one and the measurement. The antenna for beacon transmitter, and for telemetry has been fabricated and have a good result with antenna gain more than 4 dB. This paper discusses the design of ionospheric sensor that is proposed for ionospheric TEC measurement and its progress.
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