A field experiment was conducted at Diktel Rupakot Majhuwagadhi Municipality of Khotang district during April 14 to May 28 of 2018 to evaluate the effect of molasses and organic fertilizer in soil fertility and yield of Spinach (Spinacia oleracea var 'patane local'). The effect of molasses and organic fertilizer in soil fertility and yield of spinach was evaluated by using RCBD (Randomized Complete Block Design) with five treatments and five replications. The five treatments were soil application of molasses, foliar application of molasses, molasses+organic fertilizer, organic fertilizer and controlled soil. The field was divided into 25 plots, each having an area of 1.2×1.2 m2 and distance between each plot was 0.5m. Spacing of 30×15 cm2 was maintained. The mean comparison was done through Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Molasses+organic fertilizer had highly significant result in soil organic carbon content (SOC), nitrogen, potassium, soil PH and yield of Spinach. Higher soil organic carbon (4.51%), nitrogen (0.24%), potassium (557.80 mg/kg) and yield (3.08kg) was obtained at molasses+organic fertilizer whereas soil application of molasses had significantly low PH (5.54). Poor soil fertility, lack of sustainable soil management, lack of chemical fertilizers was problems for declining crop productivity in Khotang district. The experiment suggests that, farmers could be benefitted by application of molasses and organic fertilizer as it improves soil fertility and increases the yield of spinach. Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 7(1): 49-53
A study was conducted for comparative analysis of demographic, production economics and determinants of potato production between Kakani rural municipality and Bidur municipality of Nuwakot district. Altogether 120 potato producers, 56 from Kakani and 64 from Bidur were randomly selected. Pretested semi-structured questionnaire was administered to randomly selected farmers. Potato growers were interviewed using face to face interview method in the month of October 2018. All the data were entered into SPSS and Microsoft excel and analysis was done by using Microsoft excel, STATA and SPSS. Average productivity in the research area was 14.69 ton per hectare. Average cost of production and profit was Rs 8614.61 per ropani and Rs 6083 per ropani respectively. B/C ratio in the research area was 1.71. 10% increase in organic manure (FYM and poultry manure), pesticide and tuber resulted in 1.88%, 1.99% and 0.05% increase in income respectively. 10% increase in labor and chemical fertilizer resulted into 0.1% and 0.5% decrease in output. Labor and chemical fertilizer was over utilized resource for potato production. The probability of cultivation of potato in large scale was found to be 56.92% higher for those with access to extensive service and 47.89% higher for those who have received training. Most of the farmers don not use improved seed thus distributing improved seed, providing training and extension services help to increase profit of potato production in Nuwakot district. 100% increase in all the factor of production would result in 32.39% increase in potato production. Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 7(1): 62-68
Climate change is the burning issue of today's world. Climate change itself as a natural process but in recent years it will lead to changes in rainfall pattern, variation in temperature, sea level rises, increasing severity and various extreme weather events. Severe impacts of climate changes are seen in agricultural, forestry and fisheries. In order to cope with various extreme conditions we must need to identify, promote and practices technology that can develop coping capacity. Agroforestry has been proposed as potential strategy to reduce vulnerability of climate change. It is the sustainable land use system where integration of woody perennials, crops and livestock on the same unit of land. Agro forestry is popu
Carrot (Daucus carota L.) is an important agricultural commodity in the world. A study was conducted for comparative analysis of demographic, economics assessment, and determinants of carrot production between ward no. 11 and ward no. 15 of the Bharatpur metropolitan of Chitwan district. Altogether 80 carrot growers, 40 from ward no. 11 and 40 from ward no. 15 of Bharatpur metropolitan were randomly selected. Pretested semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect primary information from randomly selected farmers. Carrot growers were interviewed using face to face method in November 2019. Moreover, Two Focus Group Discussion (FGDs) and two Key Informant Interviews (KII) were performed. All the data were entered in Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS Statistics 20) and Microsoft Excel (Ms-2013) and analysis was done by using Microsoft Excel, SPSS, and Stata. In the majority of respondents, Poultry manure cost (37.16%) occupied the major portion of the cost of production followed by seed cost (30.18%). The average gross margin per kattha for carrot production found NRs. 4726.62 and the Benefit-cost ratio (BCR) was 1.50. The probability of cultivation of carrot on large scale was found to be 31.12% higher for the male gender of household head and 27% higher for the schooling of the household head. Farmers use the Nepa Drim, F1 variety which incurred higher cost in the seed. Splitting (26.25%) was identified as the most critical problem followed by cracking (21.15%) in the cultivation of carrot. It is recommended that the farmers involved in carrot farming in the study sites should be provided with Subsidy on seed, proper solution of physiological disorder problems and proper technical knowledge for optimizing the use of resources would help to increase the profit of carrot production in the Chitwan district of Nepal. Int. J. Soc. Sc. Manage. Vol. 7, Issue-4: 234-241
Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) as a polyphagous pest having more than 85 hosts. It is a trans-boundary pest having high potential to spread. In Nepal, It was first reported on May 9, 2019 from Nawalparasi district of western Nepal in maize crop. The matured larvae of Fall armyworm (FAW) feed on maize cab or kernels which reducing yield and quality. In Africa, more than 98% maize is affected in 2018. It could be a higher risk to the maize growers' farmer of Nepal if management practices are not followed timely. Quality seed, Avoidance of late planting, Push-pull technology and plant diversity are Preventive measure found successful against FAW in American and African Countries. Spinosad, Flubendiamide, spinetoram and Cholarantraniliprole are effective chemical whereas Neem based pesticide is best bio-pesticide for pest management. Bacillus thuringenesis (Bt), Baculovirus and Beauveria bassiana were found as biological effective control agent against FAW. Among various methods, integrated pest management is the major procedure found successful in African countries. Light trap, pheromone trap and scouting is another best option for monitoring of adult.
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