The present review aims to describe the commercial utilities and future perspectives of nanomedicines. Nanomedicines are intended to increase precision medicine and decrease the adverse effects on the patient. Nanomedicines are produced, engineered, and industrialized at the cellular, chemical, and macromolecular levels. This study describes the various aspects of nanomedicine such as governing outlooks over high use of nanomedicine, regulatory advancements for nanomedicines, standards, and guidelines for nanomedicines as per Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA). This review also focuses on the patents and clinical trials based on nanoformulation, along with nanomedicines utilization as drug therapy and their market value. The present study concludes that nanomedicines are of high importance in biomedical and pharmaceutical production and offer better therapeutic effects especially in the case of drugs that possess low aqueous solubility. The factual data presented in this study will assist the researchers and health care professionals in understanding the applications of nanomedicine for better diagnosis and effective treatment of a disease.
Abstract-As a variation of ordinary digital signature scheme, a proxy signature scheme able a proxy signer to sign messages on behalf of the original signer. Proxy multi-signature is an extension of the basic proxy signature primitive and permits two or more entities to delegate their signing capabilities to the same other entity. In proxy multi-signature, many original signers can delegate their signing power to a proxy signer in such a way that the proxy signer can sign any message on behalf of original signers. In blind signature, the signer cannot make a linkage between the blind signature and the identity of the requester. Proxy blind multi-signature is the combination of proxy multi-signature and blind signature. Recently, Lu et al. presented a proxy blind multi-signature scheme which did not need a secure channel. However, in this paper, we show that Lu et al.'s scheme does not satisfy the unforgeability and also shown that their scheme is not secure against the original signer's forgery attack and the proxy signer's forgery attacks.Index Terms-Blind signature, proxy-multi signature, proxy blind multi signature, security.
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