We tested the solubility and dissolution of tamoxifen citrate to ascertain the optimal conditions for faster dissolution. Using the solvent evaporation method and hydrophilic carriers, we formulated tamoxifen citrate (TC) that contained solid dispersions (SDs). We increased the solubility and dissolution rate of TC with a solid dispersion system that consisted of polyethylene glycol (PEG-6000), beta-cyclodextrin (β-CD), and a combination of carriers. Physicochemical characteristics of solubility (mg/ml) were found to be 0.987±0.04 (water), 1.324±0.05 (6.8pH PBS), and 1.156±0.03 (7.4 pH PBS) for F5 formulation, percentage yield was between 98.74 ± 1.11% and 99.06 ± 0.58%, drug content was between 98.06±0.58 and 99.06±1.10, and dissolution studies binary complex showed a faster release of TC as compared to a single polymer and pure drug. Furthermore, thermal properties, physicochemical drug and polymer interaction, crystal properties, and morphology were determined using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray differential studies, and scanning electron microscopy. We used the same proportion of carrier concentrations of the formulations to calculate the solubility of TC. Our results demonstrated that increased concentrations of β-C yielded an improved solubility of TC, which was two times higher than pure TC. The uniformity in drug content was 97.99 %. A quicker drug release occurred from the binary complex formulation as seen in the dissolution profile. FTIR demonstrated an absence in the physicochemical interaction between the drug and carriers. The drug was also found to be dispersed in the amorphous state as revealed by DSC and XRD. The drug concentration did not vary during various storage conditions. Our in vivo studies demonstrated that SD displayed significantly higher values of Cmax (p < 0.05) and AUC0-24 (p < 0.05) as compared to free TC. Furthermore, Tmax in SD was significantly lower (p < 0.05), as compared to free TC.
Introduction: Due to lack of national wide registry of paediatric brain tumor cases in India, it is difficult to estimate the prevalence and its burden for the nation hence, hospital-based cancer registries will provide the information on the prevalence of tumor cases in a given region. Objective: The aim of this study is to analyze the incidence of various types of infratentorial paediatric tumors who underwent excision of the tumors from January 2008 to January 2018 in the Department of Neurosurgery, ASRAM, a tertiary care hospital located at Eluru, Andhra Pradesh state in India. Results: Infratentorial tumors are more common in the paediatric population below the age of 10 years and medulloblastomas being the commonest tumor among them. There is no much difference in the gender distribution in the incidence of Infratentorial tumors in our study. Conclusion: Our results are similar to other hospital-based data regarding to incidences and histological spectrum of infratentorial tumors. Our study strongly recommends that hospital based registries will provide the magnitude and distribution of cancers in a given region.
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