Fibro-osseous lesions are a poorly defined category of conditions affecting the jaws and craniofacial bones, and include developmental lesions, reactive or dysplastic lesions, and neoplasms. Fibrous dysplasia and ossifying fibroma are the 2 main types of fibro-osseous lesions affecting the jaw, and ossifying fibroma is a true benign neoplasm of the bone-forming tissues with several well-recognized variants ranging from innocuous to extensively aggressive lesions. However, multiple simultaneous fibro-osseous lesions of the jaw bones involving all quadrants are exceedingly rare. One such case diagnosed by conventional radiography and computed tomography is discussed here.

Tissue expansion offers s new frontier in head and neck reconstruction by creating an excessive soft tissue, contiguous to the defect, with identical colour, thickness and appendages is a most vital and valuable tool in reconstruction of head and neck which requires meticulous treatment planning, correct patient selection and precise stepwise execution15. Like other modalities present in oral and maxillofacial surgery have some unfavourable results, tissue expansion is also present with some unfavourable complications. However as long as one anticipates these sequelae and complications and is able to tackle them satisfactorily, it remains one of the most exciting advancements in our field in the last 50 years.

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Cancer is a major public health burden worldwide, affecting millions of people each year. One of the major hallmarks of cancer is rapid growth and progression by evasion of host immune responses. Tumor resistance to conventional anticancer drugs by several mechanisms, such as drug inactivation, efflux pumps and enhanced toxicity to normal cells decreases their clinical efficacy. These limitations resulted in the development of new targeted agents, such as monoclonal antibodies and small molecule inhibitors that have high tumor specificity. This paper discusses the therapeutic applications of novel molecular targeted agents and immunotherapy as an alternative treatment option for head and neck cancers, as well as provides insight into future therapeutic approaches for advanced head and neck cancers.

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