An embankment is a vacillating wall of earth or concrete, which directs the river or flood water to its actual target and prevents farmlands. During heavy flood, water overtops the crest and silts clog sluice gate. This creates wave and extensive silt pressure on the wall. In order to avoid such situation, it needs to diverted floodwater through a water channel to a silt trap. Silts will settle in the silt trap and clean water will lend into the injection well passing through the multilayer of injection media. The floodwater is accommodated in a specially designed storage well accompanied with percolating cloak. The cleared water columns injected into the deeper layers of semi-impervious soil strata through the non-clogging percolating screens attached to the well. This diverts the water to percolates to deeper earth strata by capillary action and helps to recharge ground water. The paper aims on deliberating different eco-friendly design and construction technique of high raise embankment. Apart from this, an attempt has been made to showcase the increasing trends in research publication and activity in the area of eco-friendly construction practices to direct and absorb water without affecting the artesian spring.
A typical earthen embankment is a raised compacted wall-like structure basically consisting of an outer shell to permit seepage of minimum piping, a centrally located core, and a base drainage filter to check the flow of water through it. The earthen embankment needs a centrally stabilized clay core made off locally available puddle clay composite with coarse soil in order to store and divert storm water. In the current work, a compression moulding technique was used employed to build a low-cost composite for clay core using readily available bentonite reinforced with fly-ash. The experimental work initiated with the characterization of the locally collected soil, bentonite and fly-ash along with the micro structural investigation utilizing Scan Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-Ray (EDX). Proctor test has been employed to stabilize clay core composite using different percentage ratios of bentonite and fly-ash according to the Taguchi L9 orthogonal array. The obtained maximum dry density (MDD) and optimum moisture content (OMC) were arranged in the design of the experiment (DOE) to examine the best possible results. The experimental findings from the Taguchi optimization approach determine the optimum values of OMC and MDD. The Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to determine the primary factor influencing the strength of the clay core using signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio. A meta-heuristic method named as Sunflower optimization technique was employed to validate the generated optimum OMC and MDD. Verified OMC and MDD results were corroborated with the impervious core properties of the existing structures.
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