In the present cytogenetic study of Pimelodus maculatus, 13 specimens (8 males and 5 females) from the Congonhas Stream in Paraná State, Brazil, were examined using conventional staining. All of them showed a karyotype of 2n = 56, with a chromosome distribution of 20m + 20sm + 10st + 6a. However, four individuals (2 males and 2 females) were found to have a variant karyotype (cytotype) with two heteromorphic chromosomes in the group of submetacentric chromosomes -one of them corresponds to the second largest chromosome of this group and the other is a chromosome of small size. This variation suggests the existence of a structural polymorphism in the studied population.Keywords: Pimelodus, Pimelodidae, polymorphism, cytotype. Polimorfismo cromossômico estrutural em uma população de Pimelodus maculatus La Cèpede, 1803 (Siluriformes, Pimelodidae) da bacia do Rio Paranapanema, PR, Brasil ResumoNo presente estudo citogenético, foram analisados, mediante coloração convencional, 13 exemplares de Pimelodus maculatus, (8 machos e 5 fêmeas), do ribeirão Congonhas, PR, Brasil. Todos apresentaram um cariótipo com 2n = 56, distribuídos em 20 cromossomos metacêntricos (m), 20 submetacêntricos (sm), 10 subtelocêntricos (st) e 6 acrocên-tricos (a). Entretanto, 4 indivíduos (2 machos e 2 fêmeas) apresentaram um cariótipo variante (citótipo) com dois cromossomos heteromórficos no grupo dos submetacêntricos, sendo um deles o segundo maior deste grupo e o outro de tamanho pequeno. Esta variação sugere a ocorrência de um polimorfismo estrutural na população estudada.Palavras-chave: Pimelodus, Pimelodidae, polimorfismo, citótipo.
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