AbstrakAir payau dan air sungai memiliki potensi sebagai sumber energi alternatif terbaharui. Studi kelistrikan mereka berhasil dilakukan menggunakan prinsip elektrokimia sel volta, yaitu dengan membuat pasangan elektroda disusun secara seri dalam 20 kotak persegi panjang. Elektroda yang dipakai adalah tembaga (Cu), dan seng (Zn), sedangkan sebagai elektrolit adalah larutan air payau dan air sungai. Karakteristik bahan elektrolit diketahui melalui pengukuran tegangan dan arus yang mengalir pada LED (1,2 watt) yang diletakkan pada rangkaian sel elektroda. Pengambilan data pengukuran dilakukan selama 3 hari dengan selang 2 jam. Hasil pengukuran dan analisis untuk kombinasi elektroda Cu-Zn, menunjukkan air payau memiliki daya kelistrikan lebih besar daripada air sungai, dengan rasio 12,008 : 5,84 (hari pertama) dan 1,752 : 0,572 (hari ketiga). Nilai ini juga menunjukkan bahwa air payau sebagai larutan elektrolit mampu menghasilkan energi untuk menghidupkan LED selama 72 jam dengan nilai rata-rata intensitas LED yaitu 322,8 lux.Kata-kata kunci: elektrolit, air payau, sel elektroda, intensitas LED Abstract Brackish water and river water have the potential as an alternative renewable energy source. Their electrical studies have been successfully conducted using the electrochemical principle of voltaic cells, by making electrode pairs arranged in series in 20 rectangular squares. Electrodes used are copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn), while as an electrolyte is some brackish water and river water. The characteristic of the electrolyte material is known by measuring the voltage and current flowing on the LED (1.2 watt) placed on the electrode cell circuit. Taking measurement data is done for three days with 2 hour interval. The results of measurement and analysis for Cu-Zn electrode combinations have shown that brackish water has greater electrical power than river water, with a ratio of 12.008: 5.84 (day one) and 1.752: 0.572 (third day). This value also shows that brackish water as electrolyte solution has been able to produce energy to turn on the LED for 72 hours with an average value of LED intensity of 322.8 lux.Keywords: electrolyte, brackish water, electrode cell, LED intensity PENDAHULUANPertumbuhan ekonomi dunia membutuhkan pasokan energi yang besar sebagai penggerak utamanya. Pada tahun 2014, kebutuhan konsumsi energi dunia naik menjadi sekitar 13 miliar ton minyak meningkat 22% dibandingkan dengan pada tahun 2004 dan 54% pada tahun 1994. Permintaan yang meningkat pesat mempercepat eksploitasi sumber daya energi dari alam dan akhirnya membawa tantangan berat berupa kelangkaan sumber energi dan perubahan iklim. Menurut BP (British Petroleum) pada akhir 2014 mengatakan bahwa cadangan minyak, gas alam, dan batubara
Telah dilakukan penelitian dengan tujuan memperoleh model simulasi dinamika molekul bahan Al, Fe, Pb terkait struktur kristal dan karakteristik bahan saat mencapai titik leleh. Metode simulasi titik leleh ini menggunakan simulasi dinamika molekul kode LAMMPS dengan mengunakan potensial Finnis-Sinclair EAM dan menggunakan persamaan algoritma velocity-verlet. Analisis nilai titik leleh dilakukan berdasarkan grafik perubahan fase (padat-cair) antara nilai energi potensial dan suhu dari masing-masing bahan yang diperoleh dari output LAMMPS. Hasil output LAMMPS berisi data posisi atom-atom dalam format XYZ, dan juga diperoleh informasi berupa step integrasi, energi potensial, suhu, volume, dan tekanan. Hasil visualisasi terlihat bahwa struktur kristal aluminium mencapai titik leleh saat suhu 948,51°C, timbal mencapai titik leleh saat suhu 952,92°C, besi mencapai titik leleh saat suhu 1521,25°C. Visualisasi struktur kristal bahan saat mencapai titik leleh menggunakan software OVITO dan untuk menganalisis karakteristik stuktur kristal bahan dengan kurva fungsi distribusi radial mengunakan software ISAACS.
In this research, the lithium-ion 48 Volt battery charging system's design was carried out on the prototype electric car using the boost converter tool. Boost converter consists of several circuit systems, namely oscillator circuit, trigger circuit, switching circuit, inductor, and DC output. IC TL 494 as pulse and frequency wave generator, used to regulate the switching process on the MOSFET circuit in the boost converter. This research was conducted by presenting variations in the inductor wire's diameter to determine the result of the current output used for the filling process by varying the diameter by 0.8 mm, 4 mm, and 8 mm. The number of wire twists used remains 5:27 and produces an output voltage boost converter of 54 Volts. The results showed the inductor wire's diameter affected the output of the boost converter and the length of battery charging time on the electric car. The length of time of battery draining at the wire's diameter is 0.8 mm, which is for 680 minutes, at the wire 4 mm diameter for 290 minutes, and at the diameter of the wire, 8 mm is for 400 minutes. The boost converter has the advantage of being more efficient in terms of dimensions, resulting in 3 times the voltage and power increase compared to the input voltage. The maximum panel input power of 14.5 Watts when added boost converter maximum power increased by 47.84 Watts.
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