Viral diseases are one of the factors governing yield of cereal crops which is a key element to guaranteeing food security in Ukraine. This work assesses spread of most harmful viruses infecting cereals in agriecosystems using different diagnostic approaches. Methods. Viruses were detected in collected samples using double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with commercial test systems specific to 12 cereal viruses. Transmission electron microscopy was used for direct detection of virus particles. Results. To evaluate the spread of cereal viruses, we have carried out a 15-year monitoring of cereal crops in different regions of Ukraine. For virus screening, we collected plants with typical virus-like symptoms (mosaic, leaf discoloration, etc.). We have identified arthropod-transmitted viruses: Barley yellow dwarf virus-PAV (BYDV-PAV), Barley yellow dwarf virus-MAV (BYDV-MAV), Cereal yellow dwarf virus-RPV (CYDV-RPV), Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) and Wheat dwarf virus (WDV). Brome mosaic virus (BMV) and Barley stripe mosaic virus (BSMV) were sporadically detected in the commercial fields under cereals, as well as several soil-borne viruses, including Wheat spindle streak mosaic virus (WSSMV), Soil-borne cereal mosaic virus (SBCMV), Soil-borne wheat mosaic virus (SBWMV) and Barley mild mosaic virus (BaMMV). Conclusions. Barley yellow dwarf virus-PAV, Wheat streak mosaic virus and Wheat dwarf virus are the most spread viruses endangering cereals' cultivation in Ukraine. During the last 15 years, these viruses gained not only in terms of spread but also in the context of their economic effect.
Samples of plants showing symptoms of Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) were collected from fields planted to Brassicaceae crops in Kyiv region and different locations in the city of Kyiv. TuMV was detected in the main brassica-crop fields, private gardens and urban locations of Ukraine, with a high overall incidence of 50%. This paper describes the effects of different cultivation approaches on the incidence rate of viral infection in susceptible crops and confirms the importance of preventive measures for disease control.
У статті оприлюдннено результати наукового дослідження правди як соціальнокомунікаційної категорії та концепту «науки правди» в біблійному дискурсі. Звернуто увагу на концептуальні характеристики «науки правди» та її місце й роль в соціальних комунікаціях і журналістиці. Об’єктом наукової розвідки є правда як СКК, предметом – концептуальні характеристики «науки правди» та їх пов’язаність із журналістською діяльністю. Зроблено висновок, що результати дослідження концепту «науки правди» є важливими для формування цілісної, правдоцентричної особистості журналіста та закладають підґрунтя для створення аксіологічних модулів програм освітньо-професійної підготовки журналістів.
This material is submitted for discussion on the pages of the journal. It has the status of a working version, a draft of a possible article, a preprint. Anyone can participate in the discussion by submitting their materials with a link to this material in the "Discussions" section of the following issues. The author of the same material, in the case of writing a scientific article, must make a reference to his material, which he submitted for discussion.The draft article is devoted to the conceptual and discursive analysis of the nature and properties of the word as a form of existence and communication of truth, revealing its communicative properties and interconnectedness with the category of truth in historiographical and biblical discourses. The spiritual nature of the Word, based on Truth, is aimed at creation, spiritual development and harmonization of society and the individual. Awareness of the creative and constructive nature of the Word and the ability to operate with the word at the level of its spiritual nature is an essential competence of a professional in social communications and socially responsible journalism.
The article deals with four aspects of the problem of truth in journalism of the Soviet era and their consequences in post-Soviet times: the problem of understanding the essence of the phenomenon, finding the truth in concrete situations, truth-telling by mass media to society, perception of the truth by the audience and social reflection. The methods, forms and means of the influence of Soviet journalism on the society are analyzed. The general scientific methods (analysis, deduction, induction, generalization) and the strategy of the substantiated theory are used. The results of the research have scientific and practical significance, they reveal the causes of certain social and communicative consequences of the controlled interaction of the society with the media, transformation of moral and ethical values and concepts, and provide research material on the methodology and technology of mass communication impacts. The author concludes about the need to return society as a whole, and journalism in particular, to understanding, perception of the essential meanings of the truth, in particular its metaphysical nature, and the formation of truth-centered socially responsible position of the journalist.
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