В работе рассматриваются вопросы математического моделирования рыбодобывающих процессов в многовидовой промысловой системе «промысловая зона рыбохозяйственного бассейна» как основы совершенствования системной организации ведения рыбодобывающей деятельности. Авторами сформирован инновационный научно-обоснованный подход к процессу моделирования системы «объект промысла – технология лова – рыбодобывающее судно» на основе исследования производственных данных и данных промысловой статистики Северо-Курильской зоны Дальневосточного рыбохозяйственного бассейна, определены этапы моделирования с учетом компонентного состава системы «промысловая зона», ограничений и факторов, влияющих на производственно-технологический процесс. Разработаны и математически описаны внутрисистемные зависимости между компонентами рыбопромысловой системы, критерии оптимизации. Впервые спроектирована модель исследуемой системы в статической постановке оптимизационной задачи. Созданная оптимизационная модель рыбодобывающего процесса в многовидовой промысловой системе – «промысловая зона рыбохозяйственного бассейна». Изложенный процесс моделирования рыбодобывающей деятельности в многовидовой промысловой системе «промысловая зона рыбохозяйственного бассейна» при статической постановке оптимизационной задачи, и созданная в результате оптимизационная модель названной системы являются точками роста в дальнейшем проектировании динамических рыболовных процессов и систем более высшего уровня, направленных на совершенствование системной организации рыбодобывающего процесса с целью достижения запланированных программных показателей отечественного рыболовства, и лежат в основе создания усовершенствованных систем организации, планирования и управления рыболовными процессами и системами. The paper considers the issues of mathematical modeling of fishing processes in the multi-species fishing system "fishing zone of the fishing basin"as the basis for improving the system organization of fishing activities. The authors generated an innovative scientifically-based approach to the process modeling system "object fishery technology fishing fishing vessel", based on the study of production data and data of fishing statistics Severo-Kuril area of the far Eastern fishery basin, the stages of modeling taking into account component composition of the system the "field zone" of the limitations and factors influencing the production process. Intra-system dependencies between components of the fishing system and optimization criteria are developed and mathematically described. For the first time, a model of the system under study was designed in the static formulation of the optimization problem. The created optimization model of the fishing process in a multi-species fishing system – "fishing zone of the fishing basin". The described process of modeling fishing activity in a multi-species fishing system "fishing zone of a fishing basin" with a static statement of the optimization problem, and the resulting optimization model of the named system are points of growth in the further design of dynamic fishing processes and higher-level systems aimed at improving the system organization of the fishing process in order to achieve the planned program indicators of domestic fisheries, and underpin the creation of improved systems for organizing, planning and managing fishing processes and systems.
The article presents results of a multifactorial system analysis of vessels' fishing activities on developing the resource of a multi-species fishing system - the East Kamchatka zone in the period of 2013-2018.
The article describes the effectiveness of commercial fishing as a biotechnological production process dependent on opening up the resource potential of multi-species fishing systems - fishing zones in fishery basins – by fishing vessels. Currently, the science-based approach to developing such systems with intra-production subsystems is not formed. All processes occurring in the systems are logistic, and the system as a whole is a complex industrial system. An assessment of its efficiency or inefficiency should be made in terms of the use of fishery resources, including production resources and the resource base of fishing, while the minimization of costs (expenses) at all stages of the production and technological process should be the assessment criterion. The process of studying and developing fishing organization schemes including intra-system flow (logistic) processes is carried out in several stages, the result being the improved organizational schemes with the distribution of a group of fishing units in the object-oriented fishing zones working in optimal forms of fishing organization. Taking the Far Eastern sardine (Iwashi) fishing in the South Kuril zone as an example, a multifactorial analysis and accounting of the entire composition of restrictions, conditions, the nature of each component, their influence at each stage of the movement of material flows in the industrial logistic system functioning in the fishing zone was carried out. The design of end-to-end material-conducting circuits and schemes of fishing activities has been carried out. The logistic approach to the processes and systems of commercial fishing used in the design process is a universal scientifically grounded research method and a methodological approach to the design of complex fishing systems.
The article presents the analysis of the development of commercial objects in the North-Kuril zone of the Far Eastern fisheries basin for a ten-year period. The resource potential of this zone was found to consist of 11 objects for which the total allowable catches were established (TAC objects) and of 4 objects, the extraction of which is carried out within the recommended volumes (non-TAC objects). The main objects of production in the North-Kuril zone were pollock, Commander squid and terpug, the production volumes of each species, in the total catch of all objects, amounted to 48, 26 and 13%, respectively. The production volumes of the rest commercial objects amounted to a total of about 13%. An analysis of the dynamics of changes in the TACs was carried out for each test fishing object. A decrease of catch volumes in 2019, compared to 2010, was observed in three objects: terpugs, halibut and macrurus. For these objects during the period under review there was found a decrease in TAC volumes. Analysis of the development of the objects under study during the period 2010-2019 showed that crabs, scallops and pollock in the studied time interval had consistently high catch volumes and a high degree of development. The average rate of development of these objects was about 90% or more. The remaining 8 fishing objects were under-developed annually. The average degree of development of Far Eastern flounder, Commander squid, terpug, cod, sea bass was about 55-75%. The lowest average rate of development (less than 50%) was observed in halibut, pinchback and macrurus. It has been inferred that it is necessary to conduct further studies of fishing activities to develop the resource potential for subsequent modeling and optimization of fishing processes
Повышение эффективности отечественного рыболовства, как совокупности промышленных биотехнологий, создающих индустриальные системы высшего уровня, является одной из основных задач при реализации стратегии развития рыбохозяйственного комплекса страны в долгосрочной перспективе. В этой связи, базисным объектом системного исследования является промысловая зона рыбохозяйственного бассейна как многовидовая промысловая система взаимосвязанных и взаимообусловленных компонентов: ресурсного потенциала и рыбодобывающих единиц, образующих внутреннюю среду системы, совокупности условий ведения промысла, составляющих ее внешнюю среду. Исследование производственных процессов при статическом состоянии названной системы является основополагающим процессом, опирающемся на учете ее двуединой природы – биотехнологического дуализма. Обязательный его учет лежит в основе формирования оптимальных схем расстановки промысловых усилий в промысловых зонах при организации рыболовства, планировании и управлении производственно-технологическим процессом добычи водных биоресурсов на основе рациональной их эксплуатации и с целью повышения эффективности работы добывающего флота за счет повышения их эксплуатационного времени при годовом и рейсовом планировании. Решение оптимизационной задачи в статике в процессе моделирования таких производственно-технологических систем в статическом их состоянии направлено на проведение оптимизации рыбодобывающей деятельности с учетом биотехнологического дуализма, присущего многовидовым промысловым системам – промысловым зонам. Целью оптимизации является получение оптимального количества промысловых единиц, основанное на альтернативном принципе использования судов определенного типа. Improving the efficiency of domestic fisheries, as a set of industrial biotechnologies that create industrial systems of the highest level, is one of the main tasks in implementation of strategy for development of the country's fishery complex in the long term. In this regard, the basic object for a systemic study is the catching area of the fishery basin as a multi-species fishery system of interrelated and interdependent components: resource potential and fishery units that form internal environment of the system along with a set of conditions for catching activities that make up its external environment. The study of industrial processes in a static state of the named system is a fundamental process based on consideration of its dual nature: bio-inspired dualism. Its mandatory consideration underlies formation of optimal schemes for arrangement of fishery efforts in catching zones when organizing fishery industry, planning and managing the industrial process of harvesting aquatic biological resources based on rational operation thereof, and in order to increase efficiency of catching fleet by increasing its operating time during the annual and voyage planning. The solution for optimization problem in statics in the process of modeling such industrial-process systems in their static state is aimed at optimizing fishery activities taking into account the bio-inspired dualism inherent in multi-species fisheries: catching areas. The aim of optimization is to obtain an optimal number of fishery units based on an alternative principle of using vessels of a certain type.
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