Using social identity theory, belief congruence theory, and optimal distinctiveness theory as frameworks, the authors examined whether perceived threat would moderate the relationship between perceived out-group similarity and group evaluations. Russian undergraduates evaluated Russians, Ukrainians, Moldavians, and Georgians on a number of dimensions. It was expected that when an out-group was seen as a severe threat, perceived similarity would result in in-group bias. However, when an out-group was viewed as nonthreatening, perceived similarity was expected to be negatively related to in-group bias. As hypothesized, although perceived similarity and in-group bias were negatively related for those who felt unthreatened by Georgians, a nonsignificant positive relationship existed for those feeling threatened.
The present article studies the possibilities of empathy in preventing interpersonal conflicts in the sphere of higher education. Interpersonal conflicts are regarded from the sociopedagogical perspective as a complex phenomenon, the emergence and development of which is predetermined by the personal features of the participants of the education process. The success of mediation in a conflict between learners is determined by the knowledge of factors that decrease the probability of a conflict situation. Empathy is one of the personal features that may be employed to prevent conflict situations and to expand the range of applicable mediation technologies. The empirical study was carried out with students majoring in psychology, medicine and technical science aged from 18 to 24. The empathy level diagnostic questionnaires by V.V. Boyko and A. Megrabian were used. It was found that the psychology students feature the best developed empathy. Empathy brings the learners together, cuts down aggressive tendencies, blocks competitive attitude towards students with special needs. Empathy develops the fundamental neutral relations between conflicting parties, which is essential to prevent interpersonal conflicts. A conclusion on the importance of developing empathic capacity of the students majoring in mediation is made
Pages
The relevance of the research is due to the process of formation of familistic competence being understudied while the latter is one of the most important needs of the young age. In particular, the paper deals with describing the content and structure of the attitude toward parents and family values that the young people with sensory impairments have. The leading methods of studying this problem are Ch. Osgood's universal three-factor semantic differential and the questionnaire of parental upbringing style by E.G. Eidemiller and V.V. Yustitskis. These have allowed determining that the young people having various sensory impairments accept themselves and family values, they are satisfied with their families and they consider it to be their support. In the paper, authors speak about some discrepancy detected between the upbringing styles demonstrated by parents and the attitude toward upbringing and they also show that the sensory impairment type makes a certain contribution to adjusting the system of attitudes in the young people living in the parental family. So, the young people having hearing disorder treat the parental upbringing styles as ones that curtail their freedom and independence, while those with visual impairments perceive the styles as limiting their daily duties and as adhering to the generally accepted behavior rules strictly. In the structure of their attitudes, a positive acceptance of oneself and one's family is not associated with a negative attitude toward their defects. The materials of the paper may be of use in the practice of psychological counseling on the problems of child-and-parent relationships and in preventing the destructive trends in building of their own families by the young people with sensory impairments.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.