Amaranth is a promising raw material for enriching foods with protein, minerals, vitamins, dietary fibre, squalene, and other nutrients. However, its varieties differ significantly in composition and properties. The research included two stages. At first, we studied the composition of eight amaranth varieties grown in a collection nursery of Voronezh State Agrarian University. Their composition was a factor that determined their functional use as an enriching ingredient. We found that amaranth grain of the Universal variety could be best used to increase the biological value of foods, whereas the Universal and Valentina varieties could be recommended as multifunctional ingredients. The addition of enriching ingredients into foods, including breads, often leads to changes in their traditional consumer properties. Therefore, our next step was to study changes in the composition of Universal amaranth during extrusion using IR spectroscopy. Also, we assessed the effect of amaranth extrudate on the baking properties of model wheat flour and extrudate mixtures as the main factor of the product’s consumer properties. The results showed a redistribution of moisture between flour gluten proteins and extrudate dietary fibre. We also established amounts of amaranth extrudate needed to ensure the preservation of crumb appearance and structure close to the traditional ones.
This paper deal with shock and vibration insulators, which usually are performed from the elastomeric (rubber-like) materials. Elastomeric materials give many engineering advantages due to their capability of absorbing input energy much better than engineering materials, high elasticity, good dynamic properties, low volume compressibility, a linear relationship between stress and strain up to strain of 15% ÷ 20%, resistance to aggressive environmental factors. Elastomeric materials are widely used in machine building, shipbuilding, civil engineering, aviation and aerospace as compensation devices, vibration dampers, shock absorbers. Laminated elastomers, consisting of interleaved thin layers of elastomer and rigid reinforcing layers are also successfully used as bearing, joints, dampers, compensating devices, shock-absorbers. Such structures have many advantages: ability to endure high stress (>200 MPa), ease of maintenance, non- necessity for lubrication, vibration and noise reduction, ability to work in a very dirty, dusty, abrasive environment. The disadvantage of elastomeric material are aging, i.e. changing its properties over time. In this paper the influence of aging of elastomeric materials on the damping properties of shock absorbers is considered based on the mechanical models of elastomers - Maxwell and Burgers modes. Fatigue endurance, i.e. the ability to withstand mechanical actions for a long time is studied based on experiments on dynamic shear with laminated rubber-metal structures. The experiments show that such structures have a very high fatigue life - up to 100 million cycles.
Nearly two thousand perfective verbs in Russian are formed via the addition of so-called "empty prefixes" (čistovidovye pristavki) to imperfective base verbs. The traditional assumption that prefixes are semantically "empty" when used to form aspectual pairs is problematic because the same prefixes are clearly "nonempty" when combined with other base verbs. Though some scholars have suspected that the prefixes are not empty but instead have meanings that overlap with the meanings of the base verbs, proof of this hypothesis has eluded researchers. With the advent of corpora and electronic resources it is possible to explore this question on the basis of large quantities of data. This article presents a new methodology, called "Radial category profiling", in which the semantic network of a prefix is established on the basis of its "non-empty" uses and then compared, node by node, with the semantic network of base verbs that use the same prefix as an "empty" perfectivizing morpheme. This methodology facilitates a comprehensive analysis of ten prefixes, comparing their meanings in "nonempty" and "empty" uses and showing precisely how in the latter case overlap produces the illusion of emptiness. We are able to fully specify the semantic network of each prefix, and discover that for some prefixes there is overlap througout the network, while for others overlap is restricted to a contiguous subsection of the network. We investigate the dynamic interactions among prefixes, and identify what meanings are incompatible with the "purely aspectual" function of the so-called "empty" prefixes.
The results of computer simulation of the process of combined rolling-extruding of longish deformed semi-finished products from alloy 01417 are presented. A feature of the research is that continuously cast bars with a diameter of 12.5 mm obtained using an electromagnetic mold are used as a workpiece. This makes it possible to increase the manufacturability of processing and to obtain after rolling-extruding billets for drawing with a diameter of 5 mm with a large resource of plastic and strength properties. For this case the technological parameters and temperature and speed conditions of combined processing have not yet been studied, therefore, their analysis was performed using the Deform-3D software package. It has been revealed that the feasibility of the rolling-extruding process is significantly affected by the frequency of rotation of the rolls. Moreover, the process becomes unstable when the value of this parameter is 4 rpm, which can be explained by insufficient degrees of deformation during rolling, and consequently by the small value of the active friction forces acting on the contact surface of the metal with the rolls. As a result of this, the processing temperature conditions also change, which is also demonstrated using the developed computer model. As a result, it was found that for the stable course of the combined rolling-extruding process at the CRE-200 unit of a continuously cast billet with a diameter of 12.5 mm from alloy 01417 at a heating temperature of the billet of 550 °C and a tool of 200 °C, degree of deformation during rolling 44% and drawing ratio during extruding 18.6 the frequency of rotation of the rolls should be at least 8 rpm. The simulation data used during the implementation of the process at the combined processing unit CRE-200, the results of which made it possible to finally obtain electrotechnical wire with a diameter of 0.5 mm from 01417 alloy that meets the requirements of TS 1-809-63-2018.
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