The biodiversity of the entrance zones of the Montenegro caves is barely studied, therefore the purpose of this study was to assess the biodiversity of several caves in Montenegro. The samples of phototrophs were taken from various substrates of the entrance zone of 7 caves in July 2017. A total of 87 species of phototrophs were identified, including 64 species of algae and Cyanobacteria, and 21 species of Bryophyta. Comparison of biodiversity was carried out using Jacquard and Shorygin indices. The prevalence of cyanobacteria in the algal flora and the dominance of green algae were revealed. The composition of the phototrophic communities was influenced mainly by the morphology of the entrance zones, not by the spatial proximity of the studied caves.

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Investigation presents the multiyear assessment of biodiversity and development features of phototrophic communities from hypogean habitats. Caves exploitation as a tourist sites leads to anthropogenic transformation of subterranean ecosystems and formation of new communities named lampenflora. An example is given by the Ahshtyrskaya Cave (Sochi, Russia), which was equipped in 2000. The air temperature in the cave was 9-18 °C, humidity average 60-80%, the content of 222Rn 250-550 Bk/m3. Species identification was performed using standard approaches and cultivation methods. Cluster analysis was used to estimate similarity of communities in different cave zones. Biodiversity of phototrophs was revealed in entrance zone and zone of artificial light in 2017 - 2019. Species Microcystis pulverea, Scytonema drilosiphon, Chlorella vulgaris, Eucladium verticillatum predominated in communities of abovementioned zones. Considering the entrance zone communities as climax ones, comparison them with lampenflora can help to determine the speed and direction of succession. As a result of cluster analysis, it was established that species composition of lampenflora is most close to the entrance zone in case of maximum illuminated area. Thus, the succession of lampenflora depends on the intensity of illumination and tends to the species composition of the entrance zone communities.

Investigation presents the assessment of species composition and structure of microbiota communities in the Otap Head Cave. Species were identified using standard approaches and cultivation methods. The abundance of algae and cyanobacteria was estimated applying 5-point Brown- Blank scale. Biodiversity of biofouling communities was revealed. Cyanobacteria were the dominant group of phototrophs colonizing cave wall and water streams. The most frequently documented cyanobacteria were species from genera Chroococcus, Gloeocapsa, Oscillatoria, Phormidium. Among micromycetes prevailed Ascomycetes (genera Aspergillus, Penicillum, Trichoderma). The development of so-called lamp flora around artificial lights was not observed. The presence of sulfate-reducing and sulfur-oxidizing bacteria was detected. It can indicate that a small circulation of sulfur occurs in cave at the present time.

Резюме. Цель. Анализ видового состава фототрофов и микромицетов сообществ обрастаний входных участ-ков келий историко-археологического комплекса Старый Орхей. Сравнение видового состава сообществ об-растаний на поверхности и в кельях. Сравнение фототрофов этих сообществ с видовым составом аналогич-ных сообществ культовых меловых пещер Воронежской области и известняковых гротов Подольских Товтр. Объекты. Объектом исследования были входные участки келий скального монастыря «Успение Божьей Матери», заповедника Старый Орхей (Молдавия). Методы. Проводили определение видового состава фо-тотрофов методами микроскопии и методом посева на культуральную среду. Мхи и лишайники из сообществ обрастаний изучали традиционными ботаническими методами. Микромицеты исследовали методами выде-ления на селективной среде Чапека-Докса. Определяли обилие и встречаемость видов в сообществах. Ре-зультаты. В результате исследования выявлено биоразнообразие сообществ обрастаний подземных ме-стообитаний. Показано, что видовое разнообразие на поверхности сходно с составом видов в пещерах. Определены доминирующие виды в подземных и поверхностных сообществах обрастаний. Сходство видово-го состава флоры с пещерами Воронежской области и Украины не выявлено. Заключение. В структуре фло-ры келий скального монастыря «Успение Божьей Матери» преобладают цианобактерии. Микромицеты сооб-ществ обрастаний представлены широко распространенными почвенными видами. Видовой состав келий сходен с составом видов на поверхности. Можно предположить, что состав видов подземных местообитаний определяется комплексом условий, среди которых наиболее важным является освещённость, температура и влажность, качество субстрата и видовой состав на поверхности. Ключевые слова: цианобактерии, водоросли, микромицеты, сообщества, подземные местообитания.Формат цитирования: Мазина С.Е., Попкова А.В. Сообщества освещенной зоны подземных келий скального монастыря «Успение Божьей Матери» заповедника Старый Орхей // Юг России: экология, развитие. 2017. Т.12, N4. C. 138-146. DOI: 10.18470/1992138-146. DOI: 10.18470/ -1098138-146. DOI: 10.18470/ -2017 COMMUNITIES OF THE LIGHTED ZONE OF HYPOGEAN MONASTIC CELLS OF THE ROCK MONASTERY "DORMITION OF GOD'S MOTHER", THE RESERVE OLD ORHEY Abstract.Aim. An analysis of species composition (phototrophic organisms and micromycetes) of epibioses communities of entrance area of monastic cells of the historical and archaeological complex of Old Orhei. Comparison of species composition of epibioses communities on the surface areas and in the cells. Comparison of phototrophic species composition of abovementioned communities with similar communities of the cult chalk caves of the Voronezh region and limestone grottoes of Podolsky Tovtry. Objects. The object of the investigation was the entrance area of the monastic cells of the rocky monastery "Dormition of God's Mother", the reserve of Old Orhei (Moldova).

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