Objective: The aim of this study was investigation the AKT / mTOR signaling pathway components, transcriptional and growth factors, as well as steroid hormone receptors and nuclear factors Brn-3α and TRIM16 expression in the tissue of the primary thyroid tumor and metastases, depending on the BRAF-V600E status. Material and Methods: The study was enrolled 20 patients with PTCs, who underwent surgical treatment. They were divided into negative BRAF-V600E status (12 people), positive BRAF-V600E status (8 patients). Mutation status was assessed in paired metastatic tissue samples. The molecular marker expression was determined by real-time PCR. The Real-time-PCR-BRAF-V600E reagent kit evaluated the BRAF-V600E mutation. Results: A decrease in the PDK kinase, PTEN, VHL mRNA level in primary cancers was noted, compared with metastases' tissue. An increase in AKT, GSK-3β, mTOR, 70s 6 kinase was revealed in cancers with point mutation compared with the primary tumor without a mutation. Positive mutation status was accompanied by an increase in NF-κB p65, NF-κBp50, VEGF HIF-2 VHL level compared to the primary tumor with negative BRAF-V600E status. In the metastases with the BRAF-V600E point mutation, a decrease in the PDK kinase, HIF-1; VHL; TRIM16, and ERα expression was observed, compared to lymph node metastases (LNMs) without the mutation. The concordance in the BRAF-V600E tumor status and LNMs was observed only in 50% of patients. If the BRAF gene status did not match PTCs and LNMs, an increase in the mTOR, NFkBp65, VHL, and ERα mRNA levels was found in the PTCs. In LNMs, there was an increase in the c-RAF PTEN NFkBp65 VHL expression compared to non-concordant ones. Conclusion: The heterogeneity in the primary tissue's expression profile and metastases was noted. The BRAF-V600E mutation can affect the molecular characteristics both in the primary cancers and metastases. The discrepancy between the mutant status and the molecular factors expression variability in the primary tumor and LNMs determines its progression.
Background: Autophagy is a stress response mechanism that causes cellular components to degrade. Its defects were associated with multiple pathologies, including cancers. Thyroid cancer is known to be the most prevalent form of malignant neoplasm among endocrine tumors. The aim of the study was to seek and comprehensively explore the role of autophagy related genes and proteins play in thyroid cancers through bioinformatics analysis with their detection in the tissue samples. Methods: Bioinformatics analysis was performed to investigate autophagy related proteins and genes involvement in thyroid cancer progression. The experimental verification was done in cancer samples of one hundred and three patients with thyroid pathology included in the study. The miR-125blevel was detected by PCR in real time. Results and discussion: The bioinformatics analysis verified the miR-125b as a regulatory mechanism in autophagy. Its expression in patients with PTC was reduced by 6.75 times in cancer patients compared to the patients with benign tumors. The BRAFV600E mutations were associated with a decrease in hsa-miR-125b expression by 12.67 times compared to tumors with the wild-type gene. Conclusions: Our findings revealed involvement of the autophagy related proteins in cancer progression. The significant mechanisms of regulation are non-coding RNA sequences implicated in a variety of oncogenic processes. We found that miR-125b is a potential maker in thyroid cancer invasion, BRAV600E mutational status and risk of recurrence.
To study the diagnostic efficiency of single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) with 99mTc-MIBI 40 patients were chosen for diagnosing primary and recurrence of laryngeal or laryngopharyngeal cancer and as well as patients with benign diseases of the larynx. All patients underwent SPECT with 99mTc-MIBI. As a result it has been found that the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of SPECT with 99mTc-MIBI in the diagnostics of primary tumors of the larynx are 95%, 80% and 92%, respectively. The visualization of recurrent tumors of the larynx and laryngopharynx has showed 100% sensitivity. The obtained results have proved the consistency of SPECT with 99mTc-MIBI as an additional method of diagnostics of <em>laryngeal and laryngopharyngeal</em> cancer.
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