The article is devoted to the problems of introducing digital technologies in the educational process of training lawyers. The authors' team examines the history of the development of LegalTech in the Russian Federation and abroad, examines questions about the use of information technology in the training of lawyers, the requirements for modern lawyers and what skills they should possess, the requirements for modern teachers and teaching methods. The article reviews the university programs of higher education, as well as additional education (advanced training), aimed at studying digital technologies, and also examines information products aimed at improving the quality of work of lawyers offered by other organizations. The problems of digitalization of education and the introduction of information technologies in the educational process are identified and ways of their solution are outlined. The results of the study are practically relevant for the government, universities and educational centers, engaged in improving the education of lawyers.
The problem of ensuring information security is currently urgent for the Russian Federation as well as for the whole world. The number of cyber-threats is increasing at a great speed, and they concern not only private citizens, but also organizations, the community and the state. Special attention should be paid to the information security of children and teenagers. Minors are most susceptible to negative influences on the Internet, they risk becoming victims of cyberbullying, fraud and illegal access to personal data. Common threats to the information security of minors include a constant increase in the number of sites with aggressive or illegal content, including those inciting to suicide or abuse of drugs and psychoactive substances, as well as cyber-stalking or virtual sexual harassment. The information security of minors in the digital space is a complex issue, whose successful solution requires a consolidation of legal and information resources. The article analyzes Russian and foreign experience of ensuring the information security of minors. The authors summarize research approaches to solving the problem of protecting minors on the Internet. They present a classification of the most urgent cyber-threats: software-technical (intentional dissemination of viruses and Trojan software), economic (theft and sale of credit card details, phishing-attacks, hacking of payment accounts), and content (public dissemination of any materials, including illegal ones, on the Internet). The authors also examine legal, social and technical measures of ensuring the information security of minors and suggest changes to the current legislation which regulates the information security of minors. The authors also study specific methods of solving this task and outline a number of measures aimed at protecting the rights and freedoms of minors in the digital space (thematic prevention classes for minors, development of special information protection software).
In the process of retrospective analysis of cultural epochs, one can observe the movement of the pendulum of culture from aestheticism to moralizing, and vice versa. One of the first critics of aestheticization was S. Kierkegaard, who, without denying the significance of the aesthetic, placed the latter below the ethical in the spiritual hierarchy. Domestic philosophers defended the need for a synthesis of ethics and aesthetics. Researchers of the twentieth century point to the trend of total aestheticization, the transformation and deformation of basic moral ideals. In modern times, the phenomenon of aestheticization of all social spheres, including politics and economics, is being updated, which is largely due to the formation of a «consumer society», visual and digital turns in culture. The article analyzes the main features of postmodernism that contribute to aestheticization: fragmentation, massification, clip consciousness, visual turn, loss of sacredness of traditional meanings and symbols. All of the above contributes to the strengthening of the aesthetic component and the violation of the ethical and aesthetic balance. The authors reveal that the absolutization of beauty in art leads to the degradation of tragic genres based on ethical conflicts. Art is able to educate, form a value hierarchy. Thus, art has possibilities that transform a person, which are contained in the synthetic integrity of the ethical and aesthetic, therefore, it already acquires cosmological parameters. In turn, aestheticization as the dominant of culture leads to moral limitations and the destruction of the spiritual integrity of man and society.
This paper is a continuation of a large study in two parts on the metaphysics of labor in Russian culture, literature and philosophy. In the second part of the work, the team of authors, continuing to consider the phenomenon of labor in synchronism and diachrony, addresses а person and its attitude towards work in a postmodern society. The phenomenon of labor is analyzed in close connection with economic, moral, axiological spheres of life of the modern man. One of the main issues in a current situation of globalism is the issue of relationship between categories of “labor” and “leisure”. Can civilization be built on a foundation of leisure and not labor? Global transformation of the axiological status of labor has occurred in the culture of modern society. This process has got not only economic metrics associated with production and consumption, but also affects an axiological layer of culture associated with existential experiences of the individual. Man does not just work to satisfy his physical needs; the teleology of labor is always important, which implies answers to the questions: “For what does a person work?” and “For what is he ready to spend his free time of his life?” In a postindustrial, networked, consumer society, principles of the global Protestant work ethic, which constituted the foundation of capitalist civilization, no longer work. The study involved analytical, historical, descriptive and systematic methods of analysis.
Screen adaptations hold a very important place within the paradigm of cinema. Yet, film theorists and literary critics are unanimous neither about the criteria of comparison of screen versions to their literary sources, nor about appropriateness of such a comparison. Thus, some researches tend to analyze the fidelity to the original, while others disregard this notion altogether. The article shows and analyzes different points of view on the issue, and describes the criteria of the choice of a literary source for adaptation
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