Social capital addresses networks and ties, which deliver support, information and trust for the members of these networks. Being a member of such a network is your social capital, which in turn might improve your quality of life. This paper investigates the impact of social capital on the health and health behaviour of children in their growing up process. Therefore, the panel design employed includes 10 to 12year-old school children, followed up for three annual waves. The data used is from the German survey of Health Behaviour and Injuries in School-Age-A Panel Study 2013-2020 (N ≈ 10.000 per wave). We took a longitudinal perspective to estimate the impact of changes in the social capital's volume on health-related variables by relying on fixed effects models. Furthermore, we analysed whether the effect of social capital differs between certain socio-demographic groups, e. g. between children from high-and lowprivileged households. The findings suggested a causal influence of social capital on their health and health behaviour. Intrapersonal changes in social capital significantly affected an individual's health and health behaviour. Moreover, this effect was evenly distributed among all the socio-demographic groups, meaning that all children benefit from an increase in social capital in the same way. This suggested that for the health development of all children and adolescents, it is of foremost importance to build and stimulate social networks and resources (social capital) rather than concentrating solely on the financial aid.

More survey results are available today than ever before. This increase in survey data has been accompanied by growing concerns about their quality. With the present study, we aim to investigate to what extent the public draws on survey quality information when evaluating the trustworthiness of survey results. We implemented a vignette experiment in an online panel survey (N = 3,313), in which respondents each received four different survey descriptions with varying methodological information. Compared with respondent characteristics, survey quality information had only a minor effect on perceptions of trustworthiness. However, trust in the survey results was significantly influenced by sample size and sample balance. Finally, the relevance of survey quality information increased with the cognitive ability of the respondent.

Zusammenfassung Die aktuelle Lebensstilforschung weist in der Frage nach der Prägung und Persistenz von Lebensstilen im Lebenslauf ein bedeutsames Defizit auf. So ist unklar, ob Lebensstile primär durch Kohorten- oder Lebenszykluseffekte determiniert werden, sich also nach ihrer Ausbildung verfestigen oder aber mit zunehmendem Alter Wandlungsprozessen unterliegen. Ausgehend von Bourdieus Konzept des Habitus und handlungstheoretischen Überlegungen zur Funktion von Lebensstilen wird von einer Prägung des Lebensstils durch die Kohortenzugehörigkeit ausgegangen und diese Hypothese auf der Basis der Daten des Sozio-Ökonomischen Panels (SOEP) für den Zeitraum von 1990 bis 2008 geprüft. Die Ergebnisse deuten zwar darauf hin, dass bestimmte lebenszyklisch relevante Ereignisse die Stabilität von Lebensstilen beeinträchtigen; insgesamt aber zeigen sich deutliche kohortenspezifische Differenzen in den Freizeitmustern, die im Lebensverlauf stabil bleiben.

Background School injuries are an important adolescent health problem. Previous research suggests that relevant risk behaviors for school injuries, risk-taking and aggression, are highly susceptible to peer effects. Specifically, evidence suggests that the ratio of men and women in peer groups (sex ratio) affects individuals’ propensity for aggression and risk-taking. However, potential associations of classroom sex ratios with adolescent school injury risks have not been studied so far. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the association of classroom sex compositions with adolescent school injuries. Methods We investigate the association of classroom sex ratios with school injuries in a longitudinal survey dataset containing 13,131 observations from 9,204 adolescent students (ages 13-16) from secondary schools in Germany. The data also allow us to identify injuries due to aggressive behavior and analyze these injuries in detail. We use multilevel logistic regression models to analyze risks of both overall and aggression-related school injuries. Results Adolescent students’ risk for school injuries is significantly and positively associated with male-skewed classroom sex ratios (OR = 1.012, p=0.012). Specifically, the risk of sustaining a school injury increases by 33.5 percent when moving from the 10th to the 90th classroom sex ratio percentile. Moreover, we find an even stronger positive association between male-dominated classrooms and aggression-related injury risks (OR = 1.022, p=0.010). Compared to classroom sex ratios at the 10th percentile, the risk of an aggression-related injury is 78 percent higher in classrooms with a sex ratio at the 90th percentile. Finally, we find that both boys’ and girls’ injury risks equally increase with a higher proportion of male students in their classroom. Conclusions Our findings indicate that sex composition of classrooms is an important contextual factor for adolescent school injuries, in particular school injuries resulting from aggression. These findings illustrate the need to integrate a contextual perspective on school injuries among adolescent students both into research and into intervention planning.

In Germany, the population register with individual addresses can be utilized for address-based sampling. However, unlike in countries with a centralized register, local authorities in Germany administer their own registers. This not only makes sampling for a nation-wide survey more costly and cumbersome but may also result in gaps in the gross sample, as selected municipalities can refuse the use of their register for sampling purposes. If alternative municipalities to substitute refusals are not available, different sampling methods are required. With the present study, we aimed at testing the usability of the Address Database of the Deutsche Post Direkt (ADB-DPD) as an alternative frame for address-based sampling in Germany. We simultaneously carried out two surveys in the German city of Mannheim with gross samples of 3,000 each; one drawn from the city’s population register and the other from the ADB-DPD. Our findings suggest that the ADB-DPD performs well, both in terms of survey response and up-to-dateness. Due to relatively low costs and the fast provision of addresses, the ADB-DPD can be particularly attractive for survey projects with limited budgets and tight schedules. However, these benefits come at considerable cost. First, the usage of the ADB-DPD is limited to self-administered surveys. More importantly, in the net sample of the DPD survey, women and young persons were considerably under-represented. This indicates coverage issues for which DPD provided no further information. Based on our analysis, we provide practical remarks on the usability of the ADB-DPD and suggest avenues for future research.

ZuSAmmenfASSunGZiel der Studie Verletzungen bei Kindern und Jugendlichen zählen zu den dringendsten Public Health Problemen in Deutschland. Neben Unfällen im Haushalt und in der Freizeit ist insbesondere der Lebensbereich Schule von großer Bedeutung. Hinsichtlich der Einflussfaktoren auf Schulverletzungen bestehen jedoch erhebliche Forschungslücken. Hier setzt der Beitrag an und analysiert individuelle und kontextuelle Faktoren, die auf das Verletzungsgeschehen in der Schule Einfluss nehmen. Dabei werden speziell Verletzungen untersucht, die sich auf dem Schulhof ereignen.Methodik Die Datengrundlage bildet die zweite Erhebungswelle der Panelstudie "Gesundheitsverhalten und Unfallgeschehen im Schulalter" (GUS AbStR Ac tAims of the Study Injuries of children and adolescents rank among the most immediate problems in public health in Germany. Alongside accidents in the household and during leisure time, the school is of great importance. However, there are significant gaps in knowledge about the causes of school injuries. This is the starting point of this article, which analyses individual and contextual factors that influence the occurrence of injuries in schools and deals explicitly with injuries happening in the schoolyard.Method The data foundation is the second wave of the panel study "Gesundheitsverhalten und Unfallgeschehen im Schulalter" (Health Behavior and Occurrence of Accidents at School Age) (GUS). Following a random sampling of secondary general education schools in 11 German states, 10089 pupils aged 11-13 years from 138 schools were surveyed within their respective classes via a standardized electronic questionnaire. 183Stadtmüller S et al. Verletzungen auf dem Schulhof. Gesundheitswesen 2018; 80: [183][184][185][186][187][188][189][190] Originalarbeit ThiemeAlongside accidents and injuries, the questionnaire covers a wide range of topics including health and recreational behavior and also surveys information about the schools. The factors influencing schoolyard accidents are analyzed using multivariate, logistic multilevel-models. ResultsIn the second wave, 5.8 % of the pupils reported at least one injury happening in the schoolyard in the last 12 months that had to be treated by a doctor. Correlations with these schoolyard accidents were found for individual factors such as gender (female, OR = 0.53), experiences of bullying (OR = 1.68), sleeping problems (OR = 1.07) and individual athletic activity (OR = 1.03). Although the variance is primarily tied to the individual level, certain contextual variables also proved influential: Schools, in which the overall condition is rated better by the pupils, also have a lower overall risk of injuries (OR = 0.60).Conclusions According to these results, preventive measures may target the individual as well as the contextual level: prevention of bullying should be a focus in the light of these findings, but at the same time, also the condition of the schools should be taken into consideration.Einleitung

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Today, there are more survey results available than ever before. This increase in survey data is, however, accompanied by a decline in survey quality. Thus, it is more likely than in the past that citizens and politicians get a biased picture of public opinion when relying on survey results. Those misperceptions can have worrying consequences for political discourse and decision-making. With the present study, we aim to investigate to what extent the public draws on survey quality information when evaluating the trustworthiness of a survey result. To explore this research question, we implemented a vignette experiment in an online panel survey (n = 3,313) in which each respondent was confronted with four different, randomly assigned descriptions of a survey and then asked to evaluate the trustworthiness of the respective survey result. The survey descriptions varied regarding the methodological information provided (i.e., sample size, sampling method, and sample balance). The results showed that survey quality information only had a minor effect on the perceptions of trust compared to respondents’ characteristics, such as pre-existing opinions on the topic or general trust in science. Yet, trust in the survey result was significantly influenced by the sample size and sample balance, but not by the sampling method. Finally, in line with information processing theory, the relevance of survey quality information increases with the cognitive abilities of the respondent.