The feasibility of substitute building materials (SBMs) in engineering applications was investigated within the project. A geogrid-reinforced soil structure (GRSS) was built using SBM as the fill material as well as vegetated soil for facing and on top of the construction. Four different SBMs were used as fill material, namely blast furnace slag (BFS), electric furnace slag (EFS), track ballast (TB), and recycled concrete (RC). For the vegetated soil facing, a mixture of either recycled brick (RB) material or crushed lightweight concrete (LC) mixed with organic soil was used. The soil mechanical and chemical parameters for all materials were determined and assessed. In the next step, a GRSS was built as a pilot application consisting of three geogrid layers with a total height of 1.5 m and a slope angle of 60°. The results of the soil mechanical tests indicate that the used fill materials are similar or even better than primary materials, such as gravel. The results of the chemical tests show that some materials are qualified to be used in engineering constructions without or with minor restrictions. Other materials need a special sealing layer to prevent the material from leakage. The vegetation on the mixed SBM material grew successfully. Several ruderal and pioneer plants could be found even in the first year of the construction. The porous material (RB and LC) provide additional water storage capacity for plants especially during summer and/or heat periods. With regard to the results of the chemical analyses of the greening layers, they are usable under restricted conditions. Here special treatment is necessary. Finally, it can be stated that SBMs are feasible in GRSS, particularly as fill material but also as a mixture for the greenable soil.
Mineral waste, including non-hazardous construction waste, is the largest waste stream once a country has reached a certain degree of urbanization. This waste stream has a significant potential to replace primary raw materials. Although a large part of the construction waste is reused, other mineral materials such as ashes or slags have only been used for backfilling or are deposited in landfills. The aim of the investigations is to determine the usability of substitute building materials (SBM) in higher-quality applications, particularly in urban green infrastructure, for example, Reinforced Soil Structures (RSS) or Green Roofs (GR). In addition to technical and environmental requirements, the greening of the material is relevant. The study concept includes soil mechanical laboratory tests as well as greening tests on SBM, namely slags, ashes, residue sands, and crushed/milled brick. The lab results illustrate the feasibility and applicability conditions for the investigated SBM. Upscaling the lab test results, in the next step the construction of a RSS with complete substitution of the primary building materials is started as large scale pilot test.
Schwerdt S. Development of a design method for bridging systems in areas with dolines and sinkholes using geosynthetic reinforcements.
Mineral waste has become not only the largest waste stream in many countries, but also a reliable source of material to replace primary raw materials. Much of this material is already being used successfully. However, the potential of many materials such as slag or ashes, is currently not fully unlocked as this kind of material is used only for backfilling, often referred to as downgrading. In this study, the use of recyclables in higher value applications was investigated. In several laboratory tests, the usability of substitute building materials (SBM) in green applications, such as green roofs, green facing elements or fill material in (geogrid) reinforced soil structures ((G)RSS), was tested. The study concept includes both, soil mechanical laboratory tests and greening tests on SBM. The greening tests showed that broken bricks are suitable when mixed with organic materials. Pure brick rubble material can only be insufficiently greened. Chemical and soil mechanics tests were carried out with the fill materials. Some materials such as Lignite fly ash were excluded from soil mechanical tests because of insufficient chemical properties. These materials are not suitable for building applications without a sealing layer. Many other materials, such as recycled concrete or different kinds of slags have equivalent or even better soil mechanical properties than primary materials. Many of these materials also have chemical properties that allow almost unlimited use in construction. Based on the laboratory results, the construction of an RSS with complete substitution of the primary building materials will be started as a large-scale pilot test in the next step.
Представлено описание сдвиговых испытаний с целью определения характеристик трения для двух типов геосинтетических материалов, проведенных согласно немецкому стандарту DIN 12957-1. Полученные в ходе испытаний зависимости представляют особый интерес при проектировании армированных фундаментных подушек, поскольку позволяют вести расчет согласно европейским нормам EBGEO. Также полученные характеристики трения геосинтетических материалов позволяют установить зависимости между другими механическими характеристиками армированных фундаментных подушек.Ключевые слова: сдвиг, коэффициент трения, касательное напряжение, нормальное напряжение, коэффициенты эффективности, армированная фундаментная подушка, геосинтетические материалы.
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