During the last 20 -30 years the flagellate Gonyostomum semen has become more abundant in lakes, especially small humic lakes, in Scandinavia. Mass development of the alga has been reported from areas affected by anthropogenic acid deposition, and reports from bathers of health problems are becoming frequent. Although there is an apparent connection between the appearance of Gonyostomum and acidification, it seems not to be the low pH per se that is the cause, but rather interlinked factors. The present tendency towards a wider distribution of the alga in non-humic lakes, emphasizes the importance of a better understanding of small humic lakes.
Gonyostomum semen -characteristics of the organismGonyostomum semen (Ehrb.) Diesing 1865. Syn. Monas semen Ehrenberg 1853
Case studies illustrating lake and wetland ecosystem problems as well as restoration methods are given . Among these methods, aeration of deep lakes, sediment removal from shallow, polluted lakes, sediment manipulation in polluted and acidified lakes, biomanipulation and wetland management methods are considered . A treatment program for directing ecosystem development is designed in each individual case according to lake type, degradation problems and goals of restoration . The most common goal in treatment of lakes is to meiotrophicate (oligotrophicate) hypertrophicated ecosystems . In the case of wetlands, conservation and restoration aspects are combined with a growing interest focused on biomass production by emergent macrophytes . Within practical frames of applied limnology, basic limnological research and training of doctorands have been organized as team-work for ecosystem-oriented investigations .
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