This study examines the relationship between the diversity of board members and the price informativeness in the top 100 Malaysian public listed firms. By incorporating a series of the corporate governance and firm characteristic control variables, our findings indicate a negative relationship between ethnic diversity and price informativeness, suggesting that a less diverse board led to a more informative stock price. Nevertheless, gender diversity shows no significant impact. When the sample is divided into board with foreign director(s) and without foreign director, we find that the influence of ethnic diversity on price informativeness does not hold in the former firms. Our overall results imply that less ethnic diversity board reduces internal disagreement during board meetings. The existence of foreign directors mitigates the disagreement and thus undermine the influence of board ethnic diversity on price informativeness. Distinctively, our finding suggests that board foreign investors reduce the asymmetry information by importing corporate governance, yielding essential implications for policy makers.
The economic value of education, in terms of its contribution to social and private returns (Psacharopoulos, 1994), motivates individuals and countries to invest in the education industry. One of the social returns of human capital investment is an increase in productivity that leads to economic growth. This paper studies the contribution of human capital investment towards productivity. In particular, we quantify contribution of different levels of education to productivity growth at industry level in Malaysia during 2005 to 2012. The Arellano-Bond (1991) approach that uses the longitudinal data, produces efficient and reliable estimates in our case. We find that at aggregate level, primary, secondary, and tertiary education levels are all important in terms of its contribution to productivity. The more specific industry analysis however shows that primary education does not play a significant role in productive industries, whereas it is as important as any other level of education in low productive industries. We also study the impact of National Higher Education Strategic Plan (NHESP) 2007 policy during our sample period on productivity growth and subsequent policy change in 2009 due to change in the regime.
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