However surprising Russell's combination of mathematical logic and pacifist anti-capitalist ethics may appear, it becomes understandable if one looks for its psychological roots. He who is ready to overthrow the oldest traditions in logic and to uncover the illusory nature of ancient ideals will also look with more freedom at the ideals of bourgeois ethics and not be afraid to give up values which those who are tradition-bound are unable to renounce.
This article addresses the rapidly changing situation in higher education in the People's Republic of China. Although it is impossible to predict the nature of the final product, there can be little doubt that the present vibrant period of intellectual searching and questioning in China is having beneficial effects on Chinese higher education, and on educational exchange with foreign universities. The article examines the state of higher education in China today and investigates why, rather than just the "ten bad years" of a Cultural Revolution (1966)(1967)(1968)(1969)(1970)(1971)(1972)(1973)(1974)(1975)(1976) for the entire country, higher education has suffered from a full "twenty bad years." The effects of constant changes in the Party line and the use of class struggle to achieve objectives in higher education are examined as they relate to university administration, curriculum, the university structure, faculty, and libraries. The article focuses on the issues that are now being raised, and the parameters within which future changes in higher education wilt occur.
The State of Higher Education in the PRC [ 1 ]China's higher education system is unevenly developed in terms of faculty, curriculum, facilities and libraries, making broad generalizations dangerous. The basic principle for understanding its present state is that "the general line" for national policy is set by China's top Party leadership, and the educational system is simply one of the many sectors of the country carrying out that policy: the "100 flowers," the anti-rightist campaign, the socialist education campaign, the Cultural Revolution, the "four modernizations." Overall, as will be seen, the repeated shifts in the Party line have had a debilitating effect on China's institutions of higher education. The lack of clear direction has resulted in a vacillation within higher education between a focus on developing skills, expertise, and specialization on the one hand, and
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