Resumo:As plantas medicinais representam uma alternativa de tratamento e/ou de prevenção de doenças de grande importância na vida das pessoas, não somente por sua eficácia na ação terapêutica, mas também por se inserir simultaneamente como parte da cultura de um povo. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo levantar dados sobre a utilização de plantas medicinais pelos funcionários da Universidade Federal do Paraná -Setor Palotina, buscando resgatar informações sobre o seu uso popular para posteriormente subsidiar ações extensionistas com as zeladoras da Universidade. Foram aplicados questionários semiestruturados sobre a utilização de plantas medicinais aos docentes, técnicoadministrativos e funcionários terceirizados responsáveis pela manutenção da estrutura, jardins e da limpeza da Universidade, totalizando 107 entrevistados. Detectou-se que 72% fazem uso de plantas medicinais, sendo que a maioria utiliza por ser um produto natural e que obtiveram o conhecimento a partir da tradição familiar. A cidreira, hortelã, boldo, camomila, guaco e a marcela foram as plantas citadas como as mais utilizadas, e o resfriado, a gripe, cólicas e a enxaqueca como a doença e/ou mal estar mais frequentemente tratados com plantas medicinais. A partir dos resultados foram planejadas atividades de extensão, como palestras, dinâmicas, práticas e visitas ao horto medicinal da universidade. As atividades foram direcionadas numa primeira fase às funcionárias responsáveis pela limpeza, uma vez que preparavam chás diariamente para os demais envolvidos no estudo. A troca de saberes, a aquisição de novos conhecimentos e a interação entre alunos, professores e o público-alvo envolvido foram os aspectos mais evidentes durante as atividades realizadas, contribuindo para a formação dos alunos e a melhoria da qualidade de vida das pessoas. Palavras-chave: extensão, conhecimento popular, indicações terapêuticas
Allelopathy of leaf extracts of jatropha (Jatropha curcas L.)in the initial development of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) ABSTRACTThe objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of extracts obtained from leaves of Jatropha curcas L. on germination and initial growth of wheat. The aqueous and alcohol (ethanol and methanol) extracts of dried leaves were prepared in the concentration of 50 mg/mL. From the crude extract were made dilutions and obtained different concentrations. Some of the aqueous extracts tested were autoclaved. Over seven days, the germination characteristics and growth of wheat seedlings were evaluated with the different treatments. There was no effect of aqueous extracts on percentage of seed germination, however the methanolic and ethanolic extracts 5% affected the germination of a cultivar in study. There was a decrease in the germination speed index when the seeds were incubated with crude aqueous extract and methanol extract. The extracts affected the growth of seedlings and the most phytotoxic was the ethanol extract 5%. The autoclaved extracts promoted a reduction in all parameters evaluated. The results presented here show the extracts of dried leaves of jatropha promoted allelopathic effects on wheat. Key words: extract, interference, germination, growth of seedlings. RESUMEN El objetivo de la investigación fue evaluar el efecto de los extractos obtenidos a partir de hojas de Jatropha curcas L. sobre la germinación y el crecimiento inicial del trigo. Las acuosas y alcohol (etanol y metanol) extractos de hojas secas
ABSTRACT. Cocona (Solanum sessiliflorum Dunal) is a solanaceous shrub native to the Amazon region that produces an edible fruit. This species has numerous advantages, particularly a high nutritional value and productivity. However, due to irregular germination and rapid loss of seed viability, there are few plantations for production on a large scale. Development of alternative propagation strategies is essential for the production of homogeneous seedlings of genotypes with superior agronomic performance. We developed techniques for in vitro regeneration of the cocona varieties Santa Luzia and Thaís for large-scale production of healthy plantlets. Twenty days after seeding, seedling segments germinated in vitro were used as explant sources. Three successive experiments were performed: one to test the effect of the explant source and combinations of two growth regulators, auxin (indole acetic acid, IAA) and kinetin (KIN), on the morphogenetic response; another to investigate the effect of the combination of growth regulators on the morphogenetic response of hypocotyl segments, and another to evaluate how sucrose concentration affects the development of adventitious shoots. The best shoot induction was obtained using hypocotyl segments and stem apices, while rhizogenesis was greatest in leaves with a petiole. The number of adventitious shoots per explant on hypocotyl segments increased with 10 and 20 mg/L KIN, combined with 0.02 mg/L IAA in the variety Santa Luzia. Sucrose combined with these growth regulator levels increased the average number of calli; these were optimally produced when 45 g/L sucrose and 0.01 mg/L IAA + 20 mg/L KIN were applied. Only sucrose concentration influenced shoot proliferation in the two S. sessiliflorum varieties, with a maximum at 17.5 g/L.
RESUMOObjetivou-se, no presente trabalho, avaliar o efeito do 2,4-D e do BAP na formação de protocormos a partir de regiões meristemáticas da raiz e segmentos foliares de Miltonia flavescens Lindl., bem como testar o efeito de concentrações de sacarose e níveis de pH no crescimento in vitro dos protocormos. Ápices radiculares e segmentos de folhas de plantas germinadas in vitro foram inoculados em meio de cultura MS/2 suplementado com 2,4-D e BAP onde permaneceram por 210 dias no escuro, sendo transferidos para a luz e inoculados em meio de cultura isento de reguladores, avaliando-se a porcentagem de explantes com protocormos e o número médio de protocormos regenerados por explante. A associação de 3 mg L -1 de 2,4-D e 1 ou 3 mg L -1 de BAP proporcionou os melhores resultados quanto à formação de protocormos. Esses foram cultivados em meio de cultura MS/2 onde testou-se o efeito da sacarose (0, 15, 30, 45 e 60 g L -1 ) e do pH (5.0, 5.8 e 6.6) sobre o seu crescimento. As concentrações de 15 e 30 g L -1 de sacarose independentes do pH, mostraram-se mais eficientes para o cultivo in vitro da espécie proporcionando a formação de um maior número e comprimento de raízes, altura de parte aérea e peso da matéria fresca. O pH só apresentou-se significativo quando em combinação com 15 g L -1 de sacarose para as variáveis comprimento da maior raiz e peso da matéria fresca.Termos para indexação: Orchidaceae, reguladores de crescimento, sacarose, pH, Miltonia flavescens. ABSTRACTThe aim of the present work was to evaluate the effect of 2,4-D and BAP on the protocorm formation from meristematic areas of the root and leaf segments of Miltonia flavescens Lindl., as well as to test the effect of sucrose concentrations and pH levels on the in vitro growth of protocorms. Root apexes and leaf segments of in vitro-germinated plants were cultured on MS/2 culture medium supplemented with 2,4-D and BAP and kept in the dark for 210 days. Explants were then transferred to light and cultured on culture medium lacking growth regulators. Percentage of explants with protocorms and average number of protocorms regenerated per explant were evaluated. The combination of 3 mg L -1 2,4-D and 1 or 3 mg L -1 BAP provided the best results for protocorm formation. Protocorms were cultured on MS/2 culture medium to test the effect of sucrose (0, 15, 30, 45, and 60 g L -1 ) and pH (5.0, 5.8, and 6.6) on their growth. The concentrations of 15 and 30 g L -1 sucrose, independently of the pH, were more efficient for the in vitro culture of this species, promoting an increase in the number and length of the roots, plant height, and fresh weight. The pH was significant only in combination with 15 g L -1 sucrose for the variables length of the largest root and fresh weight.
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