Purpose The objective of this research was to investigate the risk for eating disorders (EDs) and compare body composition in participants with and without risk in adolescent Slovenian athletes and aged matched controls. Methods A total of 583 randomly selected adolescents, aged from 15 to 17 years, completed a sick, control, one stone, fat, food (SCOFF) questionnaire for detecting risk for EDs. Weight and body composition were measured using a bioelectrical impedance machine. Based on the data body mass index (BMI), percentiles were calculated. Results Overall, 37.7% of athletes and 39.8% of controls were classified as at risk for EDs. Girls showed a significantly higher frequency of risk than boys, 1:3.5. A higher percentage of underweight boys was found in control group compared to the athletes, but the difference was not significant in the subsample of girls. Differences in body composition show that the at-risk group had significantly higher values in BMI percentiles (p < 0.001) and percentages of fat mass (p < 0.001) and lower values in percentage of muscle mass (p < 0.01) and fat-free mass. Conclusions These finding demonstrate that the gap in risk for EDs between males and females is becoming smaller and stresses to consider specific parameters of body composition as being important when identifying at-risk groups for EDs.
ObjectiveEating disorders (ED) are an important and increasing problem in adolescents. The objective of this study was to examine the risk factors and the prevalence of risk for ED among male adolescent elite athletes and nonathletic controls. Differences between male athletes competing in aerobic, anaerobic and aerobic-anaerobic sports were examined as well.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional epidemiological study. A cross-sectional questionnaire survey and anthropometric measurements were conducted on 351 adolescents (athletes n = 228; controls n = 123). All participants were aged 15–17 at the time of measuring. Risk for ED was determined using a SCOFF questionnaire.ResultsThe overall prevalence of the risk for ED in male adolescents was 24.8%, with no significant differences among athletes and controls or different subgroups of athletes (p>0.05), although the highest prevalence (37.2%) was registered in aerobic subgroup of athletes. Higher number of attempts to lose weight was associated with increased risk of ED in each group (athletes and controls). Other predictors referred to lack of breakfast and body composition in aerobic subgroup of athletes and number of meals and training frequency in anaerobic subgroup. The most common reasons for dieting were improvement of sport results (19.6–44.2%) and better self-esteem (41.5%) in athletes and controls respectively.ConclusionsParticipation in the competitive sport itself is not associated with the increased risk for ED. It seems that risk factors for ED for adolescent athletes competing in aerobic and anaerobic sports represent a subject that deserves consideration and further investigation in the future.
ObjectivesThe most common DSM-5 eating disorder (ED) diagnoses in adolescents are still anorexia nervosa and binge eating disorder.1 Comparing adolescence athletes and non-athletes, there is higher prevalence of ED in non-active population,2 not taking into account high risk – leanness sports, where prevalence is the highest.3 Literature is reporting a lack of studies in the field of ED in adolescent’s athletes,4 especially in Middle and Balkan part of Europe. Thus, the aim of this study was to compare prevalence of risk for ED in Slovenian adolescent athletes and non-athletes in male and female population and body composition in participants with and without risk for ED.MethodsA total of 583 adolescents, 273 females and 310 males, age from 15 to 17 years, were randomly selected from 40 Slovenian sport clubs and 4 high schools. All participants completed SCOFF questionnaire. Weight and body composition were measured with BIA – tetra polar eight point tactile electrodes. Based on the data, we have later on calculated body mass index (BMI) and BMI scores, considering age and gender, according to the WHO (World Health Organisation) percentile graphs.5 ResultsPrevalence for eating disorders was higher in female population (p < 0.001), where ratio for risk for ED was 1:3.5, boys compared to girls (Table 1). The differences in prevalence for ED between athletes and non-athletes inside groups formed by sex are insignificant. According to body composition, female athletes weighted less than non-athletes, p < 0.01, respectively. The difference was observed also in BMI score values (p < 0.05). Comparing the total sample of athletes and non-athletes, there was no difference in weight and BMI scores, same was observed in male sample group. BMI scores were significantly higher in female and male athletes with risk for ED, compared to athletes where risk was not detected (Table 1).ConclusionSeveral studies have already found that overweight adolescents present a higher risk for ED (6), but never comparing and showing differences among groups of adolescents by sexes, athletes and non-athletes. Adolescents’ growth curves of who develop ED showed greater weight than those without ED. According to specific body composition, male athletes with risk for ED had significantly higher values of fat free mass. Results are showing that males are becoming more vulnerable for ED, and what is more, not just BMI, but also specific parameters of body composition should be evaluated when we are looking for risk factors for ED. Further longitudinal studies which are following detailed body composition measurements in correlation with ED occurrence should be done in the future.Abstract O-26 Table 1Prevalence of risk for ED and body composition parameters of groups Variable Total Females Males Risk n = 225 No risk n = 358 Athletes Non-athletes Athletes Non-athletes Risk n = 79 No risk n = 71 Risk n = 69 No risk n = 54 Risk n = 48 No risk n = 139 Risk n = 29 No risk n = 94 Risk for ED; n (%) 79 (52.7) 69 (56.1) 48 (25.7) 29...
Eating disorders are an emerging problem, especially adolescence is a delicate phase of life. In aesthetic athletes, sport specifics factors play an important role in developing eating disorders. The primary goal of study was to compare the prevalence of risk of eating disorders among athletes and non-athletes and secondary to observe the differences in body composition and eating habits. A total of 167 girls and 164 boys, aged 15 – 17 years completed a sick, control, onestone, fat, food (SCOFF) questionnaire for detecting risk for eating disorders. Weight and body composition were measured using a bioelectrical impedance machine. Overall, 34,1 % of athletes and 39,8 % of controls were classified as at risk for eating disorders with higher prevalence among girls and no differences between athletes and non-athletes. There were no significant differences in body composition between at-risk and no risk group, but average values shows tendency in percentage of fat and muscle mass. Skipping breakfast can increase risk of eating disorders. These finding demonstrate that not only BMI, but also specific body composition parameters should be studied in the future when identifying at-risk groups for eating disorders and skipping breakfast can lead to eating disorders which are expressed as low body mass.
BackgroundChronic low-back pain (CLBP) is one of the most common reasons for seeking medical care and it imposes a significant burden on individuals and society at large. Systematic reviews evaluating the effectiveness of supervised exercise therapies commonly conclude that, to date, there is no evidence to support the superiority of one form of exercise over another. Randomized controlled trials (RCT) to date included mostly trunk strengthening exercises (e.g. bird dog, plank) and there is no evidence about supervised, individually graded integral movement therapy program for patients with CLBP.MethodsThe research design is a RCT with parallel-group design including two intervention groups: integral movement therapy and conventional local movement therapy. Participants in each group will receive 20 supervised sessions in a 10-week period, twice per week, for approximately 1 h per session. Outcome assessments will occur at baseline and immediately after intervention, follow-up will take place at six months and 12 months after the intervention. Prespecified analyses will evaluate the main effects of the treatment.DiscussionThis trial will use a novel, previously unexplored integral approach to CLBP through exercises. In contrast to commonly used exercise programs, the integral program does not include specific local strength exercises for hip and trunk flexors and extensors. However, learning dynamic trunk muscle control in various body positions with added limb movements could be beneficial because of the parallels to everyday work. The study will contribute to clinical practice by providing evidence to guide professionals when deciding for the proper and efficient treatment of patients with CLBP.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03623802. Registered on 9th August 2018.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s13063-018-3128-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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